失牙后牙槽骨骨量保存:人工骨替代、膜引导及骨组织工程再生  

Alveolar preservation after tooth loss:Artificial bone graft,guided bone regeneration,bone tissue engineering regeneration technology

作　　者：徐倩[1] 朱智敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西口腔医学院口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,四川省成都市610041 [2]四川大学华西口腔医院口腔修复科,四川省成都市610041

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2012年第42期7956-7960,共5页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:失牙后的牙槽骨对稳定义齿、承载咬合力起着非常重要的作用。牙槽骨条件的好坏也直接关系到修复的治疗效果。因此,失牙后避免牙槽骨吸收,促进新骨生成显得尤为重要。目的:综述近年来应用于保存牙槽骨骨量方法的研究进展,并讨论拔牙时牙周翻瓣术和即刻种植技术对保存牙槽骨骨量带来的不利影响。方法:应用计算机检索2005至2011年medline数据库及CNKI数据库有关失牙后牙槽骨骨量保存方法的研究进展方面的文章,英文检索词为"alveolar preservation,socket preservation",排除重复性研究,共保留其中34篇进行归纳总结。结果与结论:临床试验证明植入人工骨替代材料、膜引导骨再生技术、骨组织工程再生技术等方法能明显减少失牙后牙槽骨吸收的量,促进新骨生成,是目前较为有效的保存牙槽骨骨量的方法。而拔牙时的牙周翻瓣术虽给拔牙操作提供了更广阔的视野,但是加速了牙槽骨的吸收。动物实验和临床实验同时证明即刻种植技术,并不能有效阻止拔牙后牙槽骨的吸收。因此,拔牙时是否采用牙周翻瓣术或即刻种植技术应酌情考虑。BACKGROUND：Alveolar bone plays an important role in denture stabilization and load bearing of bite force.It also has a great relationship with the treatment effect of prosthodontics.Therefore,it is particularly significant to avoid alveolar bone absorption and promote bone formation after tooth loss.OBJECTIVE：To summarized research progress about socket preservation and to discuss the negative effect about periodontal flap surgery and immediate implantation.METHODS：Computer-based online search of Medline database and CNKI database from 2005 to 2011 was performed.Key words were ＂alveolar preservation,socket preservation＂ in English.Duplicate articles were excluded.Finally,34 articles were selected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：It has a good result to apply growth factor,artificial bone graft,guided bone regeneration,bone tissue engineering regeneration technology to preserve alveolar bone.The periodontal flap surgery provides a broad vision when teeth extraction.But it accelerates the alveolar bone absorption.Immediate planting technology can not prevent alveolar bone absorption effectively.Therefore,it should take a consideration whether periodontal flap surgery and immediate planting technology is applied.

关 键 词：牙槽骨 牙槽骨骨量保存 生长因子 骨替代材料 膜引导骨再生技术 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]