多向线性聚能切割弹的研究与应用  

Research and Application of the Multi-directional Linear Cumulative Cutter

作　　者：夏红兵[1] 李磊[2] 马宏昊[2] 沈兆武[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]中国科学技术大学近代力学系,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第6期48-53,共6页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51134012);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51174183);安徽省高等学校省级自然科学研究重大项目(KJ2010ZD003)

摘　　要：针对油气井、矿井卡钻问题,设计一种多向线性聚能切割弹,其结构特点是:圆柱形炸药的四周均匀布置12根空心铜管。采用LS-DYNA程序中的Lagrange算法对该切割弹的爆炸作用原理及侵彻钢管过程进行数值模拟研究,并将计算结果与实验相比较。数值模拟结果表明:12根铜管在爆轰压力作用下形成12股金属射流刀以及伴随其运动的杵体和"尾翼",12股射流刀分别沿着炸药及12根铜管的中轴线形成的12个平面(各平面之间夹角为30°)向四周运动,其头部速度高达3 530 m/s,杵体速度约1 180 m/s;钢管首先受到爆轰产物的作用发生膨胀和断裂破坏,然后受到12股射流刀的侵彻作用(侵彻速度约2 550 m/s),最终在钢管上形成12条切缝。数值模拟得到的钢管切割变形效果及切缝数量与实验结果十分吻合,所设计的切割弹在处理某铜矿300 m深度的钻井卡钻事故中得到成功应用,与目前常用的切割弹相比装药量减少了80%以上,成本降低至少50%,且具有结构简单、加工方便的特点。数值模拟、实验及工程实践结果表明:该切割弹结构设计合理,切割效果理想,大大提高了能量利用效率和安全性。According to the characteristics of the drill-jamming accidents, a kind of multi-directional linear cumulative cutter in which twelve hollow copper pipes distributed evenly around the cylindrical explosive was designed. The linear cumulative cutter＇s explosion principle and penetration process were studied through numerical simulation method using LS-DYNA procedure, then the numerical calculation and experiment results were compared. The numerical simulation results show that the twelve copper pipes formed twelve jets, plugs and ＇ tail＇ which moved after the jets under the pressure of detonation. Then these twelve jets moved along twelve different planes which were formed from the central axis of the explosive and every copper pipe respectively （the angle between adjacent two neighboring planes was 30 de- gree）, the velocity of the jet tip and plug were approximate up to 3 530 m/s and 1 180 m/s respectively. The goal steel pipe primarily came into being swell and fracture failure under the detonation pressure, then it was cut by twelve jets （ the penetration velocity was about 2 550 m/s） , eventually resulting in the formation of twelve slits. The steel pipe＇s deformation results and the quantity of slits are in consistent with the experimental results, and this technology is applied successfully in the drill-jamming accident of three hundred meters deep drilling, moreover, it is noted that the charge and cost are reduced respectively by 80% and 50% at least compared with existing normal cutter, in addition the structure of cumulative cutter is simple and easy to be processed. The numerical simulation, experiment and engineering practice results show that the linear cumulative cutter with suitable structure can reach an ideal cutting effect and improve the energy utilization efficiency and security greatly.

关 键 词：卡钻 多向聚能切割弹 数值模拟 金属射流刀 切缝 

分 类 号：O358[理学—流体力学]