中国早期文字骨刻文的释读方法  

Methods of Deciphering the Earliest Chinese Characters Carved on Bones

作　　者：刘凤君[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第6期120-124,共5页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：山东大学自主创新基金项目(自然科学)"骨刻文的计算机辅助分析技术研究"(项目编号2010DX001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：大汶口文化晚期至商代中期的骨刻文,说明骨刻文是中国早期的一种文字。根据田野考古的调查,结合科学测试结果,可以确定骨刻文距今约33004600年,是甲骨文的主要源头。目前已发现近3000个字符,其字体造型可分为写实物象型、主干分枝型和中心圆型或近似圆型三大类。释读骨刻文的方法主要有:考古类比直读图像解形法、历史考据法、指事组合破译法、与甲骨文金文比较顺读法、与彝文比较释读法五种。Numerous bone inscriptions unearthed by archaeologists and collected by antiquarians that were in use between late Dawenkou Culture and mid-Shang Dynasty indicate that bone script （Gt＆ewen） is one of the earliest Chinese characters. Field archaeological investigations and scientific testing jointly establish that bone inscription is 3300-4600 years old and serves as a major precursor of the oracle bone inscription. So far nearly 3,000 characters have been identified, the style and structure of which could fall into three categories ： pictograph, trunk branching structure and central round or nearly round. The five methods in deciphering bone inscriptions are direct image interpreting with archaeological analogy, historical textual research, interpreting associative compounds, comparative analysis with oracle-bone inscriptions and comparative study with Yi script.

关 键 词：骨刻文 早期文字 释读方法 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] H121[历史地理—历史学]