三峡库区蓄水前后冬季小江水面及河岸鸟类种群波动调查  

On Alterations of Water Level of the Xiaojiang River in Winter and of Groups of Bird Spices in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area before and after the Water Level Rising of the Reservoir

作　　者：苏化龙[1] 肖文发[1] 王建修 胥执清 李望洪 刘富国[4] 刘小云[4] 张小蓉 王英 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [2]开县林业局,重庆405400 [3]重庆市自然博物馆,重庆400700 [4]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,江西336606 [5]重庆市绿色志愿者联合会,重庆400030 [6]昆明市财经商贸学院,昆明650228

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第11期41-48,共8页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国务院三峡工程建设委员会与国家林业局项目(SX2004-025);林业科技支撑计划(2006BA003A1307)资助

摘　　要：在2002年,以及2005—2010年7个年度的1月份,对三峡库区长江支流小江的冬季鸟类分布状况进行了较为系统的调查.观察统计到鸟类95种,隶属11目29科,其中属于国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物7种.鉴于不同类群的鸟类对环境变化的反应差异,所以,将观察到的鸟类划分为游禽类、涉禽类、傍水栖息类、空中傍水栖息类和岸边活动鸟类等5种类型,对各类群鸟类在三峡库区不同阶段蓄水高程前后的种群状况进行分析讨论.结果显示:游禽类的数量和鸟种数呈大幅度增加状态;涉禽类数量小幅度降低,鸟种数大幅度减少;傍水栖息鸟类和岸边活动鸟类的数量及鸟种数,均在蓄水前后出现剧烈变动,急剧降低.回水区水生植物的大量生长是游禽类,特别是骨顶鸡[白骨顶]数量大幅度增加的重要因素.In 2002,and from 2005 to 2010,a survey was made on the birds＇ distribution in winter,as in January,along the course and banks of the Xiaojiang River of the Three Gorges Reservoir.The birds recorded belong to 11 orders,29 families and 95 species,among which 7 species has been listed as the national second-grade wildlife of China protection.Birds recorded can be divided into 5 communities,namely,the natatory birds,the wader,the river-closing birds,the birds inhabiting above the water surface,and the birds inhabiting in the shore-side.These communities differ greatly in reaction to the variation of water environment before and after the water rising to the altitude at different stages.The results indicate： the natatory birds have a substantial increase in quantity and species;the waders have a small reduction in quantity but reduce obviously as to species;the river-closing birds,the birds inhabiting above the water surface and the birds inhabiting in the shore-side,decline sharply in both quantity and species.A key factor as to increase in both quantity and species of the natatory birds,especially the Common Coot（Fulica atra）,is due to a large number of aquatic plant growing up in the backwater area.

关 键 词：越冬水禽种群变动 蓄水前后 小江 三峡库区 

分 类 号：Q958.118[生物学—动物学]