网络成瘾者的大脑异于常人吗？  

Are the Internet Addicts' Brain Different from the Normal Users'?

作　　者：贺金波[1,2] 洪伟琦[1,2] 鲍远纯 雷玉菊 

机构地区：[1]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室 [2]华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2012年第12期2033-2041,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：2012年教育部人文社科规划基金项目“现实社交焦虑影响网络成瘾的发生机制研究”(12YJA190006)资助

摘　　要：研究网络成瘾者的大脑是否异于常人的问题有助于对网络成瘾进行定性、诊断和治疗。近年来认知神经科学研究发现,与正常人相比,网络成瘾者的大脑主要存在四个方面的异常:①额叶和扣带回多部位存在结构性萎缩和功能退化,导致其对上网行为的冲动控制出现障碍。②海马功能障碍,导致其认知功能特别是工作记忆能力下降。③奖赏中枢功能代偿性增强,可能与其多巴胺系统的功能异常有关。④内囊后肢的神经纤维结构较密、活性较高,可能与其长时间兴奋性操作键盘、鼠标或游戏手柄有关。目前的研究结果至少说明:网络成瘾者的大脑存在一些功能性的、与物质成瘾者类似的异常,但这些异常是否由网络成瘾导致,以及这些异常是结构性的,还是持久性的,则还需要进一步的研究来证实。Studies on whether the brain of internet addicts are different from the normal users＇ would contribute to defining, diagnosis and treatment of internet addiction. In recent years, cognitive neuroscience studies have suggested that, compared with normal users, internet addicts＇ brain have four main abnormalities： a. frontal lobe and cingulated gyrus are atrophic and degradative, resulting in inability to control their internet use. b. Hippocampus is dysfunctional, resulting in the decline of cognitive ability, especially working memory, c. Compensation of the reward center is enhanced, which is probably related to dysfunction of dopaminergic system, d. Posterior limb of internal capsule of people with internet addiction becomes more dense and active, which may be related to the fact that IAD subjects spent too much time on computer games and their repetitive actions such as mouse clicking and keyboard typing. These studies, at least, indicate that there are abnormalities in function of addicts＇ brain, which are similar to substance addicts＇. However, further researches are still needed to make sure whether these abnormalities are caused by internet addiction and whether these abnormalities are structural or chronic.

关 键 词：网络成瘾 脑结构 脑功能 异常 

分 类 号：B845[哲学宗教—心理学]