转基因玉米株高、ASI和穗部性状与抗旱性的关系研究  

Relationship between Plant Height,ASI and Ear Traits and Drought Resistance of Transgenic Corn

作　　者：孙宝成[1] 刘成[1] 王天宇[2] 黎裕[2] 张登峰[2] 李亮[1] 唐怀君[1] 石云素[2] 宋燕春[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2012年第11期1961-1965,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项"抗逆转基因玉米新品种培育课题"(2011ZX08003-004)

摘　　要：[目的]干旱是限制我国玉米生产的主要因素,利用转基因技术可有效提高玉米抗旱育种效率。对转基因玉米材料进行抗旱性鉴定评价,为筛选转基因玉米抗旱种质和转基因玉米抗旱育种提供科学依据。[方法]通过开花期干旱胁迫的方法,对61份转基因玉米材料进行抗旱性鉴定评价,研究转基因玉米材料ASI(散粉至吐丝的间隔期,天)、株高、产量与抗旱性的关系,受旱后粒重和穗重、轴粗和穗粗、百粒体积和百粒重等比值的变化;以及在受体基础上通过转基因提高玉米抗旱性的效果。[结果]正常灌水条件下株体适当、产量较高,而在受旱后株高下降少、ASI小的转基因玉米材料通常有较强的抗旱性,这与以往非转基因玉米的研究结果一致;无论受旱与否,玉米的穗粗和轴粗、穗重和粒重、百粒体积和百粒重之间存在显著的正比关系。[结论]转基因玉米的抗旱性在其受体基础上可提高25%～53%,突破果穗和籽粒之间的正比关系可能是大幅提高玉米产量的一条关键途径。[ Objective ] Drought is one of major application of transgenic technology can effectively factors to restrict China ＇s corn production, and the improve the efficiency of corn drought breeding. [Method] Through the drought stress in period of flowering, and taking identification and evaluation of drought resistance on 61 transgenic corn materials, this paper studied the relationship between transgenic corn ASI, plant height, the yield and drought resistance, the change of these ratio on the kernel weight and ear weight, cob diameter and ear diameter, 100 - kernel volume and 100 - kernel weight affected by drought, and the effect of improving the drought resistance of corn by transgenosis on the basis of its receptor. [ Result]The experiments＇ results showed that in normal irrigation conditions, the yield was higher, but when affected by the drought later, the plant height was decreased, and normally the small transgenic corn ASI have a strong drought resistance. [ Conclusion] The drought resistance of transgenic corn can be improved by 25% - 53% on the basis of its receptor. The proportional relation between ear weight and seeds might be a key approach to raise its yield to a high degree.

关 键 词：转基因玉米 ASI 产量 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]