敦煌西湖湿地草本植物组成及其物种多样性  

The Composition and Species Diversity of Herb Plants of Xihu Wetland of Dunhuang

作　　者：梁海荣[1] 董小刚[2] 王永胜[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《人民黄河》2012年第11期91-93,96,共4页Yellow River

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD16B0104);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40971283)

摘　　要：以甘肃敦煌西湖自然保护区湿地为研究对象,选取草甸沼泽、芦苇沼泽、盐沼和盐碱地4种湿地类型,采用常规植物群落学调查方法,研究了敦煌西湖湿地草本植物组成及其物种多样性。结果表明:①4种湿地中共观测到43种物种,分属17科40属,其中禾本科和菊科物种占总物种数的46.5%。草甸沼泽湿地植物群落物种数最多,观测到29种,而盐沼最少,仅有8种。②草甸沼泽为多优群落,群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数大,而Simp-son生态优势度指数小;芦苇沼泽植物群落结构单一,形成芦苇绝对优势种,群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数小,而Simpson生态优势度指数大;盐沼和盐碱地以耐盐耐旱植物为主,物种优势地位明显,Pielou均匀度指数较大,Simpson生态优势度指数较小。③4种湿地呈阶梯分布,地形起伏影响水流方向和积水季节,是4种湿地植物群落组成和物种多样性形成明显差异的主要原因之一。Taking the Xihu wetland in Dunhuang of Gansu Province for an example,we selected 4 type wetlands as the plots： Meadow bog,Reed swamp,Salt marsh and Saline land,and used the ways of field investigation and laboratory analysis and studied on the composition and species diversity of herb plants Xihu wetland in Dunhuang.The results show that： a total of 43 species belonging to 17 families are found in the 4 type wetlands,of which,Gramineae and Compositae species making up to 46.5%.Meadow bog has the largest number of species in the 4 type wetlands.It has 29 species,but Salt marsh only has 8 species.Meadow bog is an equal dominant community,so the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index are high and Simpson index is low.Reed swamp is a single structure community,reed（Phragmites australis）is the dominant species,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index are low,while Simpson index was high.Salt marsh and Saline land growth halophyte and xerophyte plants,these plants are dominant species in the community,Pielou evenness index is high and Simpson index is low.Meadow bog,Reed swamp,Salt marsh and Saline land plots distribute as step because of the different elevation,this distribution pattern can effect the flow direction and hydrops,so it is one of main reasons for the 4 type wetlands form significant difference on composition and species diversity.

关 键 词：物种多样性 功能群 植物群落 敦煌西湖湿地 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] Q948