天山中部9种乔灌木可燃物含水率及脂肪含量分析  

Analysis of the water content and fuel moisture content of forest combustible in the center of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：努尔古丽·马坎 张毓涛[1] 岳朝阳[1] 梁瀛[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院森林生态研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2012年第6期925-929,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(200804022c);天山森林生态定位研究站开放式基金共同资助

摘　　要：在新疆天山中部典型林区内,选择乔木树种天山云杉、山柳、山杨、天山花楸和灌木树种方枝柏、宽刺蔷薇、山楂、黑果小檗、忍冬等标准木各3～5株,分别取其鲜枝、叶、皮、枯落物,测定其自然含水率及脂肪含量,分析了可燃物载量与林分因子之间的关系。结果表明:(1)山柳的可燃物含水率最高,方枝柏的可燃物含水率最低,其含水率的大小依次是天山山柳>山杨>天山云杉>忍冬>山楂>宽刺蔷薇>黑果小檗>天山花楸>方枝柏;(2)天山花楸、方枝柏、天山云杉的脂肪抽提物含量相对较高,山柳、山杨的可燃物脂肪抽提物含量较低,其抽提物的大小依次是方枝柏>天山花楸>天山云杉>山楂>黑果小檗>忍冬>宽刺蔷薇>山杨>天山山柳;⑶可燃物载量受到林分因子的影响,森林火灾类型与可燃物载量的关系十分密切。总的来说,方枝柏和天山花楸的易燃性较强,山柳和山杨的易燃性较差,可燃物载量越大越容易引起火灾,这为今后在新疆天山中部林区森林火险预报、减少森林资源的损失,提高林火管理水平等方面提供重要依据,对天山中部林区森林可燃物管理和火灾预防扑救工作具有一定指导意义。In this paper, forest and shrub species in a typical forest zone in the center of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang were selected to study the water and fuel moisture content. Three to five types of trees from high forests such as Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica （Rupr.） Chen et Fu, Clethra delavavi, Anacampsis populella Cherck, Sorbus tianschanica Rupr, and shrub species such as Sabina saltuaria Cheng et W.T., Rosa platyacantha Schrenk, Lonicerajaponica were selected to determinate the natural moisture content and fat extractive content in each fresh branches, leaves, barks and litters, and the relationship between combustible loading and forest stand were analyzed. The result shows： （1） The order for fuel moisture content was Clethra delavavi〉Lonicera japonica〉Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica （Rupr.） Chela et Fu〉Anacampsis populella Cherck〉Maluskomarovi i（Sarg.）Rehd〉Rosa platyacantha Schrenk〉 Berberis heteropoda Schtenk〉 Sorbu tianschanica Rupr. 〉 Sabina saltuaria Cheng et W. T.; （2） Clethra delavavi, Sabina saltuaria Cheng et W. T, Berberis heteropoda Schtenk, Maluskomarovii（Sarg.）Rehd had higher contents of fat extractives, while Picea schrenkiana var. and Populus davidiana had lower contents of fat extractives, and the order for fat extractive was Sabina saltuaria Cheng et W. T.〉Sorbus tianschanica〉Picea schrenkiana vat. tianschanica〉 Maluskomarovii（Sarg.）Rehd〉 Berberis heteropoda Sehrenk〉 Lonicera tatarica〉 Rosa platyacantha Schrenk〉Anacampsis populella Cherck〉Clethra delavavi; （3） In general, the combustibility of Sorbustianschanica Rupr., Sabina saltuaria Cheng et W. T. was good, and that of Clethra delavavi was poor. This result would provide a scientific basis for forecasting of forest fires in the center of Tianshan Mountains.

关 键 词：天山 森林可燃物 含水率 脂肪抽提物 可燃物载量 

分 类 号：S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学]