小浪底水电站水轮机抗磨蚀的技术措施  

Anti-abrasion technical measures of the turbines for the Xiaolangdi Hydropower Station

作　　者：钟光华 张光钧 丁焱 

机构地区：[1]小浪底水利枢纽建设管理局,河南济源454681

出　　处：《水力发电》2000年第8期52-53,共2页Water Power

摘　　要：小浪底水电站水流含沙量高 ,水头较高 ,水轮机抗磨蚀问题严重。为了减轻水轮机的磨损 ,设计制造时采取了一些措施 ,如 :优化水工布置 ,减少过机沙量 ;优化水轮机参数 ,降低相对流速 ;改善部件结构 ;采用优质材料 ,提高制造质量 ;涂敷防护材料等。同时为了缩短检修的停机时间 ,适当增加了备品备件。为及早发现运行中的异常现象 ,装设了振动、摆度、空蚀及效率等监测仪表。厂家提供了可能产生空蚀涡带区域和运行工况范围线供运行参考。采取以上措施旨在实现小浪底水电站汛期正常发电运行。制造商承诺在运行 80 0 0h的保证期 ,水轮机转轮磨蚀量可控制在 5kg以下 ,大修间隔为 3年。随着水库和机组的投入使用 ,这些措施将逐项得到检验。The Xiaolangdi Hydropower Station is located in the downstream of the Sanmen Gorge so that the sediment content of water flow in Xiaolangdi is almost as high as that in the Sanmen Gorge Because of high water head in Xiaolangdi, the anti abrasion of the turbine of the Xiaolangdi Hydropower Station is very important In order to reduce the abrasion of turbine, some measures are taken in the design and manufacture, such as optimizing hydraulic layout, reducing the sediment passing turbine, optimizing turbine parameters, reducing the relative velocity of water, improving the structure of parts, using high quality materials, enhancing manufacture quality, painting protective materials, and so on Meanwhile, in order to shorten the idle time for repair, spare parts are increased properly The devices for monitoring the vibration, oscillation, cavitation and efficiency of the generating unit are installed in order to discover the abnormal phenomena in the operation The manufacturer also provides the probable cavitation and vortex zones and operation condition range lines for reference in the operation The adoption of the above mentioned measures is to realizing the normal operation of the Xiaolangdi Hydropower Station during flood season The manufacturer promises that in the guarantee period of 8000 h for operation, the abrasion quantities of the runner of turbine can be controlled to be less than 5 kg and the overhaul interval is 3 years As the reservoir and the generating unit are put into operation, all these measures will be checked one after another

关 键 词：水轮机磨损 防护措施 小浪底水电站 设计 

分 类 号：TK730.53[交通运输工程—轮机工程] TK730.2[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]