四川省国家级监测点2006~2010年土源性线虫病流行特征分析  

The analysisis on the epidemiological characteristics of the soil-transmitted nematode infection at the national monitoring points in Sichuan from 2006 to 2010

作　　者：谢红[1] 田洪春[1] 王信刚 罗静雯[1] 刘常华[1] 刘文林 郑德福[1] 陈漪澜[1] 张丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [2]威远县疾病预防控制中心,内江642450

出　　处：《国际医学寄生虫病杂志》2012年第6期356-362,共7页International JOurnal of Medical Parasitic Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解四川省国家级监测点2006--2010年居民土源性线虫病感染时段变化及其影响因素，了解居民的菜园、厕所周边、厨房和庭院4类环境中土壤蛔虫卵污染情况，掌握土源性线虫病的流行规律，为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用改良加藤厚涂片法和透明胶纸肛拭法，对监测点常住居民土源性线虫感染情况进行调查；2006--2010年共对50户农家的菜园、厕所周边、庭院、厨房采集土壤标本，每个场所各检测土壤样本50份，用饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检查土壤蛔虫卯污染情况。结果2006--2010年共检查5616人，其中男性2725人，女性2891人。2006--2010年土源性线虫感染率分别为32．06％、14．4％、10．16％、3．21％和5．62％。男、女性蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为1．32％、11．16％、0．37％和1．56％、11．41％、0．42％。2006--2010年土源性线虫、蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫的感染率呈下降趋势；2006--2010年菜园、厕所周边、庭院、厨房土壤中活受精蛔虫卵的检出率分别为6．0％、4．0％、2．0％和4．O％，各场所未受精蛔虫卵、受精蛔虫卯、活受精蛔虫卵的分布差异均无统计学意义，但受精蛔虫卵的检出和活受精蛔虫卵检出随年份变化呈下降趋势。结论四川省国家级监测点2006—2010年人群土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势，与当地村民服药驱虫密切相关；土壤中人蛔虫卵的检出情况随着年份变化也呈下降趋势。Objective To explore the time trend and the main influencing factors of soil-transmitted nematodiasis at the national monitoring points in Sichuan so as to provide scientific basis for control strategies. Methods The modified Kato＇s thick smear method and cellophane tape anal swab method were used to monitor the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode infections in residents at monitoring points. The saturated sodimn nitrate floating method was used to detect the roundworm egg contamination in soil samples collected. Results A population of 5 616 （2 725 male and 2 891 female） was examined from 2006 to 2010. Soil-transmitted nematodes infection rates were 32.06%, 14.4%, 10. 16% ,3.21% and 5.62% from 2006 to 2010. The infection rates of roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm in male were 1.32% , 11.16% and 0.37%, while 1.56%, 11. 41%, 0. 42% in female respectively. The infection rates of roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm declined from 2006 to 2010. Roundworm eggs in soil at vegetable garden, beside lavatory, courtyard and kitchen in 50 households were tested. The results were 6.0% ,4.0% ,2.0% and 4.0% , respectively. There was no significant difference among the distributions of unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs and live fertilized eggs in different locations. The fertilized roundworm eggs and live fertilized roundworm eggs found in soil decreased by years. Conclusion The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in the national monitoring points in Sichuan decreased from 2006 to 2010. The contamination rates of roundworm eggs in soil also decreased by years.

关 键 词：线虫感染 土源性线虫病 感染率 监测 

分 类 号：R532.101[医药卫生—内科学]