再生水灌溉利用的生态风险研究进展  

Ecological Risks of Reclaimed Water Irrigation:A Review

作　　者：陈卫平[1] 张炜铃[1] 潘能[1,2] 焦文涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]石河子大学农学院资源与环境科学系,石河子832003

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第12期4070-4080,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41173123);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41001330)

摘　　要：污水再生回用因其具有显著的社会、经济及生态效益,已成为缓解水资源危机的一项重要举措.城市绿地和农业灌溉作为再生水的主要利用途径之一,在国内外已经得到广泛推广实践.为了解国内外在再生水灌溉利用风险方面的研究进展,本文围绕再生水典型污染物包括盐、氮、重金属和新型污染物、病原菌等,从对土壤质量、植物生长、地下水质量和公众健康等几方面,对再生水灌溉利用的生态风险进行了系统分析.结果表明,盐分及盐离子是再生水灌溉利用的主要风险,灌溉利用导致疾病传播的风险始终存在,而新型污染物的生态风险是科学研究热点.借鉴国外经验,分别就城市绿地和农业的灌溉提出了风险管理措施.最后,提出了加强长期定位研究和模型研究,建立再生水水质、灌溉管理与生态风险的有机关联,进行再生水灌溉土壤承载力评价和建立风险管理体系等5项建议,以促进再生水安全利用.Wastewater reclamation and reuse have become an important approach to alleviate the water crisis in China because of its social,economic and ecological benefits.The irrigation on urban green space and farmland is the primary utilization of reclaimed water,which has been practiced world widely.To understand the risk of reclaimed water irrigation,we summarized and reviewed the publications associated with typical pollutants in reclaimed water including salts,nitrogen,heavy metals,emerging pollutants and pathogens,systematically analyzed the ecological risk posed by reclaimed water irrigation regarding plant growth,groundwater quality and public health.Studies showed that salt and salt ions were the major risk sources of reclaimed water irrigation,spreading disease was another potential risk of using reclaimed water,and emerging pollutants was the hot topic in researches of ecological risk.Based on overseas experiences,risk control measures on reclaimed water irrigation in urban green space and farmland were proposed.Five recommendations were given to promote the safe use of reclaimed water irrigation including ① strengthen long-term in situ monitoring,② promote the modeling studies,③ build up the connections of reclaimed water quality,irrigation management and ecological risk,④ evaluate the soil bearing capacity of reclaimed water irrigation,⑤ and establish risk management system of reclaimed water reuse.

关 键 词：再生水 灌溉 生态风险 风险管理 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]