侵蚀对大豆产量及黑土供肥的影响  

The Effect of Erosion on Soybean Yield and Nutrient Supplying Capacity of Black Soil

作　　者：孙振宁[1] 段兴武[2] 谢云[1] 刘刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]云南大学亚洲国际河流中心,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《土壤通报》2012年第6期1473-1479,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目“东北黑土区水土保持措施效益评估及防治技术”(201001026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：东北黑土区受侵蚀严重,研究不同侵蚀程度下黑土供肥及施肥对于科学施肥和提高产量具有指导意义。本文在位于黑龙江省农垦总局九三分局鹤山农场的北京师范大学九三水土保持试验站,选取当地4个不同侵蚀程度-轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀、严重侵蚀、极严重侵蚀（黑土厚度分别为35、28、20、5 cm）,按当前大田施肥水平设计盆栽试验,包括不施肥（CK）、单施肥（N、P、K）、混施肥（NP、NK、PK、NPK）共8种处理各3个重复,供试作物为大豆,确定不同侵蚀下黑土供肥和施肥。主要结论如下：（1）侵蚀越强烈大豆产量越低,但氮、磷、钾配合施用能有效提高产量。侵蚀程度不同,大豆株高和结荚数对各处理的响应不同,但氮肥是首要影响因素。（2）研究区供肥水平中等。供肥量与速效养分含量正相关,侵蚀程度越强,供氮量和供钾量逐渐降低,但由于速效磷含量与粘粒、粉粒含量成负相关使得供磷量先降低后增加。（3）研究区大豆对钾肥利用率较高,对氮、磷利用率较低。肥料利用率与土壤供肥量呈现相反的变化趋势,随侵蚀程度增强,大豆的氮肥利用率和钾肥利用率逐渐增加,而磷肥利用率则先增加后减小。（4）本研究建议施肥与当地统一施肥相比,总量上为当地的1.19~2.52倍,配比上当地氮肥用量偏低,磷肥用量偏高。In order to study nutrient supplying capacity and fertilization of typical black soil suffering different erosion,and supervise fertilization and increase production of farms in Northeast China,an experimental site,Heshan Farm in Jiusan agriculture reclamation substation of Heilongjiang province,was chosen,using pot experiment with different erosion degree-slight,middle,serious,extremely serious（black soil thickness of 35 cm,28 cm,20 cm,5 cm） and designing 8 fertilizer treatments（CK,N,P,K,NP,NK,PK,NPK） under current field fertilizer input levels with 3 replications.The tested crop was soybean.The results showed that production became low when soil thickness was low,but its increasing rate showed a contrary trend.Combined application of N,P,and K could improve yield effectively.N was the most important factor to plant height and pods per plant.Nutrient supplying capacity was positively correlated with available nutrients,and the supplying capacity of N and K2O was low as erosion was violent,but that of P2O5 was firstly decreased and then increased because available P was negatively correlated with clay and silk content.The use efficiency of N,P2O5,and K2O showed a contrary trend to the supplying capacity.The estimated optimal fertilizer input amount according to this study was as 1.19-2.53 times as the current field fertilizer input levels with lower N application rate and higher P2O5 application rate.

关 键 词：东北典型黑土 侵蚀 盆栽试验 土壤供肥 适宜施肥量 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]