退休年龄调整:为何如此纠结?  

On Raising Retirement Age

作　　者：姚远 原新[2] 史佳颖[3] 谭琳[4] 杨慧[5] 姜向群[6] 

机构地区：[1]Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China [2]南开大学经济学院人口与发展研究所 [3]南开大学经济学院 [4]全国妇联妇女研究所 [5]全国妇联妇女研究所政策法规室 [6]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心

出　　处：《人口研究》2012年第6期27-33,共7页Population Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时期中国妇女社会地位调查研究”(项目编号为10@ZH020)阶段性研究成果;教育部重点研究基地项目基金资助重大项目《中国社会助老模式的考察与理论研究》(项目批准号:10JJD840006)的阶段成果

摘　　要：背景 退休制度的建立是人类社会发展和进步的标志之一。虽然有研究表明，我国自古就有“官员致仕”的做法，但作为一种规范性制度，其形成还应是工业化以后的事情。退休制度建立以后，各国均将其作为现代社会保障体系的组成部分。依据各自的国情，各国政府在退休年龄、退休金水平以及领取退休金条件等方面均做了明确规定并不断完善。China is rapidly ageing.Working-age population will be declining and demand and cost for old-age support increasing.Raising retirement age has been proposed to be an approach to addressing the ageing challenge,being a central theme of the recent hot debate over China's pension gap.While raising retirement age will not change anything with regard to China's population size and structure,it will expand labour force population.If retirement age were to increase from 60 to 65 in the next 30 years,working-age population would have an annual increment of 3 million people,thus helping relieve the ageing pressure and prolong the demographic dividend.Raising retirement age could enlarge national pension fund stocking,which helps ease the government's payment pressure and reduce future pension risk;but it could also reduce individual rate of return.Since retirement age is different for males and females,retirement policy needs to be adjusted to equalize the retirement age between the two sexes.However,retirement policy adjustment must be preceded with great caution,in a best manner and at a best time.

关 键 词：退休年龄 老龄问题 调整 人类社会发展 社会保障体系 退休制度 制度建立 工业化 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]