热声驱动脉管制冷机的实验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON A PULSE TUBE DRIVEN BY THERMOACOUSTIC PRIME MOVER

作　　者：邱利民[1] 蒋宁[1] 蒋彦龙[1] 余建平[1] 陈国邦[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学制冷与低温研究所,杭州310027

出　　处：《低温工程》2000年第3期1-6,11,共7页Cryogenics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助课题

摘　　要：采用热声压缩机驱动脉管制冷机 ,使彻底消除低温制冷机中的运动部件成为可能。作者研制了热声驱动脉管制冷机实验台 ,着重研究了加热温度、平均工作压力、小孔开度等主要因素对制冷机性能的影响。初步实验中 ,以氮作工质 ,获得了 - 38 7°C的无负荷制冷温度 ,最大温降达 5 4 7°C。此外 ,还指出了进一步的改进方向 ,具有一定参考价值。Thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators were already becoming attractive alternatives in specialized applications,where simplicity,lack of lubrication or sealing seals and their use of environmentally harmless working fluids have been adequate to compensate the lower efficiency.On the other hand,research and development of pulse tube refrigerators have reached such a stage that commercial products have been already developed for temperatures around 77K.The reliability of pulse tube refrigerator will be greatly improved if it is driven by a thermoacoustic prime mover with high efficiency. A bench for pulse tube refrigerator driven by thermoacoustic prime mover has been set up to study the relationship among the stack,the regenerator and the working fluid.The effects of mean workingpressure and heating temperature on the refrigeration temperature of the pulse tube are also extensively investigated.Experimental results show that the self made prime mover can generate a pressure ratio of about 1 1 for nitrogen,which is suitable for a Stirling type of pulse tube cryocooler.The cryocooler,which is using nitrogen as working fluid,obtained a minimum refrigeration temperature as low as -38 7 °C in preliminary experiments.And better results could be expected after further improvements.

关 键 词：热声制冷 脉管制冷机 氮 制冷温度 平均工作压力 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程]