入侵害虫椰心叶甲的研究进展  

Current status of Brontispa longissima outbreaks and control

作　　者：吕宝乾[1,2] 金启安[2] 温海波[2] 彭正强[2] 杜予州[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州225009 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所、农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室、农业部儋州农业环境科学观测实验站、海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室、海南省热带作物病虫害生物防治工程技术研究中心,儋州571737

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2012年第6期1708-1715,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(2011);国家自然科学基金(31101496);国家973计划子课题(2009CB119206);公益性行业(农业)科研专项子课题(200903026-5);海南省自然科学基金(312036)

摘　　要：近30年来,椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)在亚太椰子产区扩散蔓延,成为棕榈植物上主要害虫。2002年,该害虫入侵我国海南并暴发成灾。化学防除是控制椰心叶甲危害的首要措施,其中包括挂药包等农药缓释技术,而生物防治是控制该虫扩散蔓延的经济有效措施。从感病椰心叶甲虫体上分离的微生物杀虫剂绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae被我国和其他多个国家应用。椰心叶甲天敌寄生蜂的引进利用是可持续控制该害虫发生的重要措施。幼虫寄生蜂椰甲截脉姬小蜂Asecodes hispinarum和蛹寄生蜂椰心叶甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae是椰心叶甲的两种重要天敌。2004年,椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰心叶甲啮小蜂被引入到我国,经扩繁释放后,取得了良好的控害效果,其中有些地区的椰甲截脉姬小蜂寄生率可达90%,椰心叶甲啮小蜂寄生率可达100%。连续放蜂,且椰心叶甲种群有合适虫龄被寄生蜂寄生是控害效果的关键。气候等生态因子也可能是影响寄生蜂控制靶标害虫效果的因素,应进一步加强研究。论文最后提出了未来椰心叶甲防控的研究的方向。Brontispa Iongissima （Gestro） has become an increasingly serious pest of coconuts throughout various growing regions in the Pacific, especially over the last 3 decades. In 2002 there was an outbreak of B. longissima in Hainan, China. Chemicals, including the use of chemical sachets, has been recommended as a means of controlling this pest. There have been many attempts at biological control, for example Metarhizium anisopliae which was isolated from B. longissima and formulated as a bioinsecticide has been used in China and in other countries. The larval parasite Asecodes hispinarum and pupal parasite Tetrastichus brontispae were introduced to China in 2004 and have produced good results. Parasitisation by T. brontispae and A. hispinarum have reached 90% and 100% , respectively. It is necessary to release substantial numbers of parasites into suitable populations of B. longissima to ensure establishment. Environment and climate can affect the survival and effectiveness of these parasitoids. Such information is necessary to improve control measures. Directions for further research on B. longissima are outlined.

关 键 词：椰心叶甲 入侵生物学 化学防治 生物防治 绿僵菌 椰甲截脉姬小蜂 椰心叶甲啮小蜂 

分 类 号：S433.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]