荒漠伯劳巢址选择和繁殖成功  

Nest-site Selection and Breeding Success of the Rufous-tailed Shrike

作　　者：施丽敏[1] 刘迺发[1] 丁未[1] 赵青山[1] 房峰杰[1] 包新康[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2012年第6期7-13,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.31172104);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(No.860504)

摘　　要：2011年5～7月对甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区(N40°21'～40°22',E96°13'～96°14',海拔1 306 m)荒漠伯劳(Lanius isabellinus)巢址选择和繁殖成功进行研究。调查了58巢的巢址因子,巢主要位于营巢树主枝上,巢距地面高度多为2.0～2.5 m。主成分分析结果表明,巢距地面高度、营巢树高度、营巢树胸径和营巢处树干直径是影响荒漠伯劳巢址选择的主要因素,这也是荒漠伯劳适应繁殖地大风天气的结果。既调查巢址数据又明确繁殖情况的49个巢中,红柳(Tamarix ramosissima)(5棵)上巢的繁殖成功率明显高于沙枣(Elaeagnus angusifolia)(43棵)和胡杨(Populus euphratica)(1棵)上的巢,原因可能是红柳郁闭度大。已知窝卵数和繁殖情况的30个巢中,窝卵数分别为2(1巢)、4(7巢)、5(18巢)、6(4巢)。卡方检验结果表明,窝卵数和繁殖成功率之间差异不显著(χ2=3.921,df=3,P>0.05)。发现的63个巢中跟踪监测了54个巢(包括调查巢址数据的和未调查巢址数据的)的繁殖情况,54巢中37巢繁殖成功,成功率为68.52%。所有繁殖失败的巢均为产卵阶段或育雏早期阶段由于同类的破坏而导致繁殖失败,繁殖失败巢的数量随着相邻最近巢的距离的增加而减少,因而,繁殖失败可能与种群密度以及种内竞争有关。The study about the nest-site selection and breeding success of the Rufous-tailed Shrike Lanius isabeUinus was analyzed based on the measurement of nest characteristic parameter from 58 nests in the breeding season from May to July, 2011 in Anxi Hyper-Arid Desert National Nature Reserve which locates in northwestern Gansu province （N40°21＇- 40°22＇,E 96°13＇- 96°14＇,Ahitudes 1 306 m）. All the 58 nests were built at the main braches of trees 2.0 and 2.5 m above the ground. Based on the principal components analyzing on nest success related to the nest site by the nest characteristic parameters, three parameters, nest height above the ground, height and DBH of nest tree, were the most important factors in the nest sit selection. The breeding success of 49 nests was measured, higher reproductive success occurred in those nest built in tree of Branchy Tamarisk Tamarix ramosissima which has higher number of branch （ n = 5 ） than those built in Diversifolious Poplar Elaeagnus angusifolia （ n = 43 ） and Russianolive Populus euphratica （ n = 1 ）. The higher canopy density of Branchy Tamarisk may response to the higher breeding success. The clutch size varied from 1 to 6 （n =30）, 5 and 4 eggs was the most common clutch size （n -- 18 and 7）. The difference between clutch size and reproductive success ratio was not significant （Chi-square test, X2 = 3. 921, P 〉 0. 05 ）. Among the 54 nests measured and not measured, 37 nests were success （68.52%）. All the failed nests were destroyed by intra-specific birds. The amount of failed nests was decrease as the distance increase from neighbor nests. Therefore, we suppose the intra-specific competition resulted from higher local population density.

关 键 词：荒漠伯劳 巢址选择 种内竞争 捕食 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]