土壤跳虫适应低温环境的策略与机制研究进展  

Strategies and mechanisms of soil springtails in adapting lower temperature environment:Research progress

作　　者：刘晶[1,2] 王云彪[1] 吴东辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第12期3526-3532,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-BR-16;KZCX2-YW-Z-1021);国家自然科学基金项目(41001339;31070467)资助

摘　　要：低温和干燥是极地及寒温带地区动物的主要环境胁迫因子.为适应恶劣的环境,此区域的动物必须运用有效的方式来适应其栖息环境.土壤跳虫是典型的以避免体液结冰为主要策略来适应低温环境的动物类群,其抗低温的生态策略和模式与昆虫存在相似之处,表现在其利用冷驯化及与干旱协同作用,降低冰晶形成的伤害.在抗低温过程中,其体内甘油等小分子物质含量迅速增加,海藻糖、葡萄糖等分子迅速降低,低温保护蛋白——抗冻蛋白(AFP)产生,并存在脂质的相互转化,提高包膜的流动性,以保护细胞免受低温的伤害;同时也存在与其他昆虫不同的特异性策略与模式,主要包括在雪被保护下的垂直迁移行为,以及将冰核剂随蜕皮而排除体外等.这些土壤跳虫特异的抗冻模式与机制表明其低温生物学研究具有一定的科学意义.本文综述了土壤跳虫抵抗低温环境的模式、类型及机制,总结了近几年其生理生态机制研究进展,讨论了土壤跳虫抗低温研究存在的问题,并就全球变化背景下土壤跳虫低温生态研究前景进行了展望.Low temperature and drought are the main environmental factors threatening the animals living in arctic area and cold temperate regions. To adapt the severe environment, the animals should adopt appropriate strategies ngtails have the similar ecological As a group of arthopods with freeze-avoiding strategy, soil spri- mechanisms and modes of cold resistance/tolerance as insects, manifesting in the cold acclimation and drought tolerance to decrease the damage of ice crystal formation. During cold acclimation, there are a rapid increase of glycerol, a rapid decrease of fucose and glucose, and the production of anti-freeze proteins （AFP）, and exists the inter-transformation of different kinds of lipids to improve the flow of cell membrane to protect the ceil from low tempera- ture injury. In addition, soil springtails have their own specific modes and mechanisms to tolerate low temperature stress, mainly the vertical migration under the protection of snow cover and the excretion of ice nucleator from haemolymph, illustrating that it＇ s of significance to research the cryo- biology of soil springtails. This paper summarized the modes and mechanisms of soil springtails in tolerating low temperature environment, reviewed the research progress on the eco-physiology of the springtails, discussed the existing problems of the researches on the low temperature tolerance of the springtails, and prospected the research directions of the springtails low temperature ecology under the background of global change.

关 键 词：土壤跳虫 低温适应 行为策略 干燥脱水 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]