东北地区605例化学烧伤患者流行病学调查  

Epidemiological investigation of 605 patients with chemical burns in northeastern China

作　　者：樊华[1] 刘凤彬[1] 田宝祥[1] 杨雄[1] 蔺海龙[1] 刘洋[1] 魏纯琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉化集团公司总医院烧伤整形科,吉林省吉林市132022

出　　处：《中华烧伤杂志》2012年第6期419-422,共4页Chinese Journal of Burns

摘　　要：目的了解近年来化学烧伤的发病及临床特点，为其防治提供参考。方法整理笔者单位于1992年1月-2011年12月收治的6299例烧伤患者中化学烧伤患行的病例资料，统计其性别、年龄、发病时间、院前处理情况、致伤场所、致伤物、致伤部位、创面面积与深度、合并症、治疗情况和随访情况。对年龄分布和合并症发生率行χ2检验。结果6299例烧伤患者中，化学烧伤忠者605例占9．60％，相关统计结果如下。（1）患者男女比例为5．11：1．00。平均年龄37．6岁，20～29岁年龄段忠者例数最多（29．42％，178／605），各年龄段患者数比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=207．298，P〈0．01）。（2）主要发病时间为第2、3季度，分别占28．43％（172／605）、38．35％（232／605）；有72．07％（436／605）的患者入院前行清水冲洗处理。（3）453例患者在化工生产中受伤，占74．88％；致伤物主要为酸类（46．61％，282／605）和碱类（20．66％，125／605），其中硫酸所占比例最大（18．18％，110／605）。（4）致伤部位以四肢和头面颈部为主，各为289例和263例；平均烧伤面积5．98％TBSA；深度为浅Ⅱ～Ⅲ度。（5）348例患者发生合并症，其中吸入性损伤154例占44．25％、跟烧伤113例占32．47％、中毒81例占23．28％，各合并症发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=23．086，P〈0．01）。（6）521例患并治愈出院，治愈率为86．12％，其中遗留瘢痕者占76．20％（397／521）；3例患者因烧伤后中毒反应死亡，病死率为0．50％。结论笔者单位收治的化学烧伤患者在同期烧伤患行中所占比例较高，以青年男性为主，多为化工生产中酸碱烧伤且发病时间较集中。大部分患者具有创面较深、合许症发生率高、创面愈合后易遗留瘢痕等临床特点。Objective To investigate the pathogenic, and clinieal eharacteristies of chemical burns in recent years, so as to provide referenee for its prevention and treatment. Methods Medical records of patients with chemical burns out of 6299 burn patients admitted to our unit from January 1992 to Deeember 2011 were screened and retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, onset time of the injury, pre-hospi- tal management, injury cause, injury-causing chemicals, body site of wound, burn area anti depth, compli- cations, treatment and follow-up results. The data of age distribution and incidence of eomplications were processed with chi-square test. Results Investigation showed that 605 out of 6299 burn patients （ ac- c）counting for 9.60% ） were chemieally injured. （ 1 ） Among the patients with chemical burns, the ratio of male to female was 5. 11 ： 1.00, with the mean age of 37.6 years, anti the highest incidence oceurred in pa- tients aged from 20 to 29 years （29.42% , 178/605 ）. The difference in the numbers of patients among dif- ferent age groups was statistically significant （ χ2 = 207. 298, P 〈 0.01 ）. （2） Chemical burns mainly oc- curred in summer （ 28.43% , 172/605 ） and autumn （ 38.35% , 232/605 ）. About 72.07% （436/605） of patients received irrigation before admission. （3） In 453 （74.88%） patients, injury occurred during indus- trial production. The main injury-causing chemicals were acid （46.61% , 282/605） and alkali （20.66% , 125/605）, and among them the sulfurie acid aeeounted for the highest ratio （18. 18%, 110/605）. （4） The main wound positions of chemical burns were the limbs （289 patients） anti the head, faee, and neck re- gion （263 patients）. The mean burn area was 5.98% TBSA. The depth ranged from superficial partial- thickness to full-thiekness. （5） Three hundred and forty-eight patients with chemical burns suffered common complications, including inhalation injury （154, 44.25 % ）, ocular burns （113, 32.47% ）, and p

关 键 词：烧伤 化学 流行病学研究 临床特点 

分 类 号：R644[医药卫生—外科学]