管道内波速变化对水锤现象的影响分析  

The Impact Analysis of the Wave Velocity Changes Inside the Pipe on the Water Hammer

作　　者：方成跃[1] 赵观辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国舰船研究设计中心,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《中国舰船研究》2012年第6期71-77,共7页Chinese Journal of Ship Research

基　　金：中国舰船研究设计中心研发基金

摘　　要：管道内水锤波速受管道自身以及管内流体等多种因素的影响,在实际工程中,管内流体性质变化以及管道的结构材质的不同都会引起对应水锤波速的变化。选取了两种典型的波速变化情况——整管波速变化与管路中不同位置局部波速变化,利用一维流体软件FLOWMASTER对其进行仿真分析,着重研究这两种情况下波速变化对管内水锤压力波幅值与周期的影响。在整管波速变化情况中,考虑当阀门关闭时间与关阀水锤周期之间的大小关系不同时波速变化对水锤现象的影响,以使结论更为合理全面。在局部波速变化情况中,改进了用平均波速变化来分析局部波速变化的方法,引入了波的散射理论对位置变化带来的影响,并进行了分析,比较了管路中各个典型位置上波速变化所对应的水锤现象,突出了波速变化位置的影响,可为管路设计与水锤防护提供参考。The water-hammer wave velocity inside the pipe is affected by several factors, such as the pipe itself and the pipe fluid. In practice projects, changes of the fluid properties or the pipe structure and material will cause the corresponding variation of the water-hammer wave velocity. In this paper, two typical situations demonstrating the velocity changes are examined resorting to the 1D CFD software FLOWMASTER ： the general changes within the whole pipe, and the specific changes at different locations. The analysis focuses on the impacts induced by changing the wave velocity on the amplitude and cycle time of the water-hammer pressure wave. On the one hand, when studying the case involving general changes within the whole pipe, the effects of different combinations of the valve＇ g shutting time and circle time on the wa- ter-hammer is considered, so that a more reasonable and comprehensive conclusion is reached. On the other hand, when studying the specific changes, the algorithm of the re＇can wave velocity analysis is refined, and the wave scattering theory is introduced to analyze the influences of the wave velocity change, where the role of the changing position is emphasized. In brief, the work conducted in this article may provide some guidance for the pipeline design and water-hammer protection.

关 键 词：水锤波速 水锤压力波 压力波散射 FLOWMASTER 

分 类 号：U664.84[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]