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作 者:纪柱[1]
出 处:《无机盐工业》2012年第12期1-5,共5页Inorganic Chemicals Industry
摘 要:从铬铁矿生产铬化合物的基本路线有3种,即碱性氧化路线、高温还原路线和酸溶路线(铬铁矿直接同硫酸反应制得硫酸铬溶液,经分离杂质和复分解制成其他三价铬化合物)。其中酸溶路线在理论上最为合理,只需酸溶无需氧化或还原等反应激烈工序。但是,铬尖晶石极耐化学侵蚀,而且浸出液中杂质含量很多,难以廉价高效分离,致使得到的硫酸铬无论在品质上还是在成本上均无法与碱性氧化路线竞争。随着科学的发展和节能降耗要求的提高,酸溶法重新得到重视,并出现了一些新技术。综述了铬铁矿酸溶法的研究进展,包括铬铁矿的酸溶方法、铬酸酐在铬铁矿酸溶时的催化-氧化作用、从浸出液中分离铬的过程及方法。指出提高铬收率及铬铁分离已取得新进展,若能进一步深入研究,可望不久的将来实现酸溶法工业化。总结出所引文献中可取的酸溶方法。There are three basic routes for producing chromium compounds from chromite,i.e.alkaline oxidation route, high temperature reduction route, and acid-leaching route (chromite directly react with sulfuric acid to prepare chromium sulfate solution, and other trivalent chromium compounds can be obtained after separation of impurities as well as double decomposi- tion reaction).Acid-leaching route is the most reasonable one in theory because there is only acid-leaching in the whole pro- cess without intense oxidation or reduction reaction process.However, picotite is extremely resistant to chemical erosion and leaching solution contains a lot of impurities ,which are difficult to separate cheaply and efficiently ,resulting in the chromium sulfate product can not compete with alkaline oxidation route both in quality and in cost.With the development of science and the improvement of the energy saving and consumption reducing requirements, acid-leaching technique has been noticed a- gain and some new techniques appeared.The acid-leaching technique's progress including acid leaching method of chromite, the catalytic and oxidizing action of chromic anhydride during the acid-leaching, and the process and method of separating chromium from leaching solution etc.was summarized.It was also pointed out that new progress had been achieved in enhanc- ing yield of chromium and in separation of chromium-iron, and if the further study could be continued, the industrialization of acid-leaching technique would be realized soon.Some advisable points about acid-leaching were summed up from the high cit- ed literatures.
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