空间目标红外地基探测的信噪比分析  

Analysis of SNR for ground-based infrared detection of space object

作　　者：杨帆[1] 宣益民[1] 韩玉阁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2012年第11期2879-2885,共7页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：军口863项目

摘　　要：建立了天空背景辐射、大气传输和地基探测系统的仿真模型,并基于已有的低轨道卫星红外辐射特性的模型,整合了一套研究空间目标红外探测的方案。利用该方案计算了探测器对卫星探测的信噪比,分析了卫星在不同过境时间的红外地基探测的效果。通过比较不同红外波段的探测信噪特性,探究了在不同情况下如何选择最佳的观测波段。研究结果显示,当目标处于日照区而观测点在阴影区时,近红外波段的探测信噪比很高,当目标进入阴影区后该波段无探测信号。不论卫星是在日照区还是阴影区,远红外波段始终可进行探测,但是当卫星表面温度较低或者距离较远时,信噪比较低。另外,由于卫星电池板的对日定向特性,探测器接收到的红外辐射信号会随着太阳高度角的变化而出现不同的特性。A simulation model for sky background radiation, atmosphere transmission, and ground-based sensor was proposed. Based on the proposed model and the existing model for studying the infrared radiometric feature of a LEO satellite, a proposal for investigating the infrared detection of space object was put forward. The proposal was used to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） of the sensor received from a modeling satellite, thereby the detection effect of satellite at different transit time was analyzed. The method to choose the best observation band in different case was advanced by comparing the character of SNR on various IR bands. It can be concluded from the results that the SNR on the near infrared band is very high when the ground sensor is in the earth＇s shadow and the object is sunlit. No signal is detected in the sensor when the object is in the earth＇s shadow. In the far infrared band, the object can be always detected either it is sunlit or in the earth＇s shadow. However, the SNR gets smaller when the surface temperature of the satellite is lower or the range of detection is larger. In addition, due to the sun-oriented character of the battery panels, the signal detected by the sensor varies with the solar elevation angle.

关 键 词：空间目标 红外 地基探测 信噪比 

分 类 号：TN215[电子电信—物理电子学]