从“外国冬至”到“圣诞节”:耶稣诞辰在近代中国的节日化——以《申报》为基础的考察  

From“The Foreign Winter Solstice”to the Holy Birthday of The Jesus:How Christmas Became a Celebratory Festival in Modern China——An Inquiry Based on the Shenbao Reports and Articles

作　　者：邵志择[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《学术月刊》2012年第12期139-148,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：浙江省教育厅科研资助项目资助(编号"Y201225701")

摘　　要：上海及其周边地区自明末以来就是基督教传播的一个中心耶稣诞辰起初被沪人称为"外国冬至",至民国以后逐渐以"圣诞节"之名流行于像上海这样的现代都市,成为近代中国最受欢迎一个洋节。在其节日化的过程中,耶稣圣诞节遭遇到诸如冬至节、孔诞、总理诞辰、云南起义纪念日、民族复兴节等中国节庆的挑战。尤其是被称为"土圣诞"的孔子诞辰,它是国民党政府法定的节日,官方每年都举行隆重的庆祝仪式,由此形成了"土、洋"两个圣诞节的竞争之势。民族主义者对洋圣诞的抵制一度十分强烈,但是,这个原本宗教性的外来节日还是演变成了世俗化的狂欢节,至少在民间社会中,洋圣诞几乎完全压倒了土圣诞。Christmas was called ＂the Foreign Winter Solstice in shanghai＂ and its vicinity in late Qing China, because in Chinese perspective it was fixed three days after ＂the Winter Solstice＂, which was among the most important festivals in China. By entering the Republic of China era, especially after the ＂May Fourth Movement＂, Christmas was gradually dubbed ＂The Holy Birthday of Jesus or Shengdanjie＂ in Chinese language ,as it was celebrated by more and more non-Christian Chinese. As Christmas becoming an ＂exotic-mood＂ festival , it won over a cluster of Chinese festivals and holidays such as ＂The Winter Solstice, The Holy Birthday of Confucius, The Birthday of Sun Yet-sen, Yunnan Uprising memorial Day＂ and the so called ＂National Renaissance Day（the latter two happened to be on 25th December＂）. In spite of a strong wave of resistance by the nationalist movement against Christianity, Christmas became a kind of consumerist carnival in modern China.

关 键 词：外国冬至 圣诞节 申报 上海 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]