复杂山前带地震勘探采集技术的实践与认识  

Practice and understanding of seismic acquisition technology in complicated foothill area

作　　者：邸志欣[1,2] 丁伟[2] 王增明[2] 敬朋贵[3] 刘斌[2] 陈吴金[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利石油管理局地球物理勘探开发公司,山东东营257100 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司勘探南方分公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《石油物探》2012年第6期548-561,535,共14页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家科技重大专项子专题"灰岩裸露区及山前带地震采集技术"(2011ZX05005-005-002);胜利油田物探采集实验室资金项目共同资助

摘　　要：复杂山前带具有复杂近地表和复杂构造的"双复杂"特征,地震资料品质普遍较差,单炮记录信噪比低,剖面成像效果不理想。针对南方和西部复杂山前带的地震地质条件、勘探难点和资料特点,经过十多年系统的地震采集技术攻关研究和资料采集实践,逐渐形成了一套适合复杂山前带地震资料采集的技术方法系列,即基于"双复杂"模型和"遥感技术、地理信息系统、全球定位系统"(即"3S")的观测系统设计论证、炮检点优化与变观施工,精细的近地表结构调查与建模技术,井炮与可控震源联合激发技术,特殊地表检波器耦合技术和基于干扰波特点的检波器组合压噪技术。在中国西部和南方复杂山前带地区采用以上技术方法使地震资料品质得到明显改善,证明这套方法是切实可行和有效的。Complicated foothill area is characterized by complex near surface conditions and complex subsurface structures(so-called 'dual-complex'),which leads to poor seismic data and low S/N as well as non-ideal seismic imaging.According to the seismic & geological conditions,seismic exploration difficulties and seismic data characteristics in the Southern and Western complicated foothill area,a series of techniques and methods for the seismic acquisition in the area was formed in last ten years.The technology series includes the evaluation of geometry design and optimization of shot and geophone locations and variable-geometry operation based on the 'dual-complex' model and '3S'(Remote Sensing,Geographic Information System,Global Positioning System) technique,detailed near surface structure investigation and modeling technique,shot and vibroseis joint shooting method,geophone coupling technology for special surface conditions,and noise suppression technique by using geophone array according to the characteristics of interference wave.The technology series was applied in foothill areas at Southern and Western china,and the seismic data quality was obviously improved,which showed its feasibility and effectiveness.

关 键 词：复杂山前带 地震地质条件 地震采集技术 观测系统设计 近地表结构调查 激发 接收技术 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]