垂直潜流人工湿地净化北方微污染水体试验研究  

Experimental study on purification of micro-polluted water in northern area by vertical flow constructed wetland

作　　者：孙井梅[1] 李阳[1] 李志杰[1] 席兆胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2012年第10期1711-1716,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-008-03)

摘　　要：为研究垂直潜流人工湿地对北方微污染水体中COD、氮和磷的去除效果及去除机理，在室内选用混合土（由炉渣与种植土按比例混合而成）、石英砂和陶粒作为填料，以天津当地常见植物黄花鸢尾为植被构建了垂直潜流人工湿地处理微污染景观湖水和雨季的初期雨水；除冬季冰封期暂停运行外，通过对系统不同季节运行数据的分析，考察了不同季节环境条件下垂直潜流人工湿地对我国北方城市微污染水体的净化效果及影响因素。结果表明：不同季节条件下，该系统对污染物均有着良好的去除效果和抗冲击负荷能力。微污染景观水和雨季初期雨水经垂直潜流人工湿地系统处理后，出水COD、NH4＋-N及TP的质量浓度可分别优于GB3838--2002《地表水环境质量标准》的Iv类、III类和II类水质标准（研究阶段进水TP≤0．80mg·L-1），COD、NH4＋-N和TP的阶段平均去除率最高可分别达80％、91％和82％；TN的去除效果受季节变化波动较大，阶段平均去除率在32％～78％，温度较低季节或原水水质较差时有待处理水回流或辅加其他技术手段以提高脱氮效果。垂直潜流人工湿地对北方微污染水体有着较好的净化效果，能够有效地预防地表水体富营养化的发生，有利于城市水环境质量的改善和水资源的循环利用，具有良好的发展应用前景。In this study, a vertical flow constructed wetland system was investigated on the purification of micro-polluted water in northern area at different seasons. In laboratory, the vertical flow constructed wetland system was established with substrates and vegetation. Mixed soil （mixed with slag and loam according to a certain proportion）, quartz sand and ceramic pellet was selected as the substrates and Iris wilsonii was selected as vegetation. Purification effects and influencing factors of COD, N and P were studied based on operating data of different seasons （the system was not run during frozen period）. Results showed that the constructed wetland system had a good and stable removal on pollutants at different seasons, and had a powerful resistance to loading impact. According to the Surface Water Environment Quality Standard （GB 3838--2002）, COD concentration, NH4＋-N concentration and TP concentration of effluent could be better than Standard IV, Standard III and Standard II, respectively （TP concentration of influent was less than 0.80 mg＇L-t）, after micro-polluted landscape water had been treated by the system. The average removal efficiency of COD, NH4＋-N and TP could be up to 80%, 91% and 82%, respectively. TN removal effect of the system varied dramatically with seasons and the average removal efficiency lay between 32% and 78%. Effluent recirculation or other assistant technologies could be used to improve nitrogen removal effect during cold season or when quality of raw water was not high enough. Vertical flow constructed wetland had a good purification effects to micro-polluted water in northern regions and prevention to eutrophication of surface water. The system has a good application prospect in water quality improvement of urban water environment.

关 键 词：垂直潜流人工湿地 微污染水体 不同季节 脱氮除磷 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]