区域生态环境质量评价研究进展与展望  

Advances in the evaluation of ecological environmental quality

作　　者：颜梅春[1] 王元超[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2012年第10期1781-1788,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2009B11714)

摘　　要：提高生态环境质量已成为当前人民保障生活质量的迫切需求,进行生态环境质量评价是生态建设和保护环境的重要基础工作。通过对国内外文献进行统计和分析,得出如下结论。①形式方面:20年来国际国内在生态环境质量评价方面进行了大量的研究工作且10年来加速上升,研究成果主要以期刊、学位论文、会议论文和专著等媒介展现。②内容方面:同期相比,国外的研究主要集中于各专题如水环境、气环境和土壤环境的分析及某些典型的区域问题解决。我国虽起步稍晚,在国家和省部级政府的倡导与支持下发展迅速且紧跟国际前沿,以基础和应用研究、工程技术、政策指导和行业技术指导等为导向,体现出服务于经济发展、注重实践和方法创新的特色。③手段方面:遥感和地理信息系统等高技术手段在环境质量评价方面发挥了很大的作用,有巨大的潜力和广阔的前景,发达国家更着重于环境因素的深入定量分析遥感反演,发展中国家更着重于宏观层面上的信息获取和综合质量评价应用。④内涵方面:现有的工作可归为生态环境质量评价的生态环境遥感信息获取、评价指标体系构建、不同尺度对象的评价、评价技术手段和方法模型探索以及评价思路视野目标几个侧重面。⑤局限方面:通过纵观近期的研究进展和发展趋势分析,总结出现阶段的局限主要体现在评价指标选择偏主观、评价模型偏模糊、评价对象对象尺度和属性认识偏笼统和定量遥感信息的应用不足等问题。⑥展望方面:建议今后的研究多注重于人口数量和结构对生态环境的影响、分析各指标因素间的内在联系与影响机理、充分发掘和利用遥感定量信息、评价模型基于时代经济特色和对象客观条件和功能的理想值参照等,以期待提高生态环境质量评价工作的效率和深度。At present, the environmental issues, which are mainly caused by environmental pollution, resource exploitation with population increase and industrialization, have been concerned in the world. Improvement of the quality of the ecological environment has been now urgent for the safeguard of the people＇s living conditions. Moreover, it is also a foundation for the ecological construction and environmental protection. In this paper, analysis has been made based on the review of papers and the following conclusions have been drawn： in the last 20 years, a lot of researches have been made on ecological environmental quality evaluation and it keeps a rapid growth in the last 10 years, they are published mainly in periodicals, theses, proceedings and monographs; @）in western countries, the researches mainly focused on the topics such as water environment, atmospheric environment, and soil environment as well as the solution of typical regional issues. In China, although the relative researches have been made later, due to the support of the state and provincial government, a lot of progress has been made. Now many relative researches have been made at the international level. In China, the researches mainly focus on basic research and application research, engineering technology, environmental protection technology, policy guidance, and industry technical guidance which is oriented to service for the economy development, totally focus on the practice use and innovative approaches; （~）the technology such as ＂3S＂ technology （remote sensing （RS）, geographic information systems （GIS） and global positioning system （GPS）） and has been applied to the ecological environmental quality evaluation and it plays a very significant role. The new technology has great potential and bright prospect. In the developed countries, the inversion of parameters based on remote sensing in-depth quantity analysis has been paid more attention to. However, in developing countries, the acquisition of information and g

关 键 词：生态环境质量 评价 进展与展望 

分 类 号：X820.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]