沈括科学研究的文化底蕴  

The Cultural Foundation of Shen Kuo's Scientific Research

作　　者：李丽[1] 周栩[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学马克思主义学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2012年第6期101-105,128,共5页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(10CZX017);江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目(2012SJD720002)

摘　　要：沈括的科学成就背后有着深厚的文化底蕴。在"天人相分"的视野下,弘扬主体性、尊重自然、重视生产的科学态度和价值取向,对他的科学研究和科学发现具有决定性的导引作用。究其实质,沈括以元气、阴阳、五行学说为基础的科学认识论,富于考察与实验的实践性,既注重继承传统,又勇于怀疑,开拓创新,并始终贯穿着国计民生的务实思想。探讨沈括"有常有变"的物理观、"视迹求意"的认识论和"天即民也"的历史观,无论对揭示沈括科学与哲学思想的关系,揭示科技在宋代得以突飞猛进的思想动因,还是对当下科学精神的确立和弘扬都具有十分重要的意义。Shen Kuo's philosophical thought had a tendency toward naive materialism and dialectics based on the theory of yuan-qi,yin-yang,and the five elements.His philosophical thought was practical with a lot of investigation and experimentation.While inheriting the tradition,Shen Kuo was brave enough to question existing ideas and blaze new trails.The pragmatic ideas of the national economy and the people's livelihood ran through his thought.More importantly,Shen Kuo's philosophical thought was just the ideological basis and inspiration of his great scientific achievement.With the view of 'Separation of Heaven and Man',Shen Kuo promoted and advanced human subjectivity,respected nature and valued production;his scientific attitude and value orientation played a decisive role in his scientific research and discovery.It will be of great significance to deal with the relationship between his scientific work and his philosophical idea,the ideological agent behind the scientific and technological spurt in the Song dynasty,and the establishment and development of the present scientific spirit.

关 键 词：沈括 科学研究 文化底蕴 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]