也论中国古代建筑的减柱、移柱做法  

Also on Column Number-reduction and Position-change in Ancient Chinese Architecture

作　　者：贾洪波[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院文博系,天津市300192

出　　处：《华夏考古》2012年第4期96-113,共18页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NKZXA1114)成果

摘　　要：中国古代建筑中的减柱、移柱做法,是为扩大建筑内部空间而采用的变化柱网结构做法。具体一座建筑是否减柱或移柱、减柱或移柱的方式与数量如何,需要通过与"标准柱网平面"的比较来判别。标准柱网平面包括两个,就是宋《营造法式》所载的"金箱槽"和"双槽"式地盘分槽,具体应以发生减柱、移柱的柱子数量最少为原则选择其最为接近的一种标准柱网平面。减柱、移柱做法肇始于辽宋而盛于金元,它相应造成了一些梁架结构的不规则变化,带来一些弊端,至明清时期的官式建筑已基本不再采用,但仍有其积极作用和影响。Column number-reduction and position-change in ancient Chinese architecture was a method of expanding the internal space of buildings by altering the column grid structure. For a specific building, the questions of whether this method must be adopt- ed, what way can be taken for the change and how many columns it would be involved should be settled by comparing the design with the ＂standard plan of column grid＂ . There are two styles of column layout in this ＂standard＂ , i.e. the ＂jinxiangcao 金箱槽＂ style and the ＂shuangcao 双槽＂ style recorded in the work Ying Zao Fa Shi 《营造法式》 （Building Standards）, of which the suitable way can be determined according to the principle that the number of the reduced and shifted columns should be decreased to the least. This architectural method arose in the Liao-Song Period and prevailed in Jin-Yuan times. As it led to some corresponding irregular changes in truss construction and brought about certain disadvantages, in the main, it was no longer practiced from the Ming-Qing Pe- riod, but it still played a positive role and exerted beneficial influence in later times.

关 键 词：中国古代建筑 柱网 减柱 移柱 

分 类 号：K879.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TU-092[历史地理—历史学]