厦门港海沧港区10号泊位多年冲淤变化分析  

Analysis on multi-year changes of scouring and silting at the No.10 berth of Haicang harbor in Xiamen

作　　者：郑勇玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2012年第4期578-586,共9页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41276058);海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室开放课题资助项目(MASEG200612);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(海三科2010013;2009060)

摘　　要：利用高精度数字式测深仪对厦门港海沧港区10号泊位建成后的港池进行5a水深地形监测,并结合该区沉积物柱状样的粒度特征,分析研究区地形演变特征和冲淤变化特性.结果显示,停泊区底质沉积物从2002～2007年共淤积了2.72 m,其中2002～2004年表现为快速淤积,2005～2007年表现为缓慢淤积;季节性变化明显,表现为洪水期淤积,枯水期冲刷的特征;强淤积区的柱状沉积物自表层到柱样底部粒径逐渐由粉砂变粗为砂,粉砂段为洪水期淤积层,砂段为枯水期淤积层.上述结果表明研究区由于洪水期陆源物质补给量大,河流水动力条件较强,故以细颗粒的沉积或潮流引起悬浮泥沙的再沉积作用为主,淤积量较大;枯水期由于河流径流量减小,河流水动力条件减弱,故以潮流作用对表层沉积物的剥蚀改造或底床推移粗颗粒泥沙的沉积作用为主.本研究可为港池维护及泥沙淤积计算提供实践经验,同时在航道与港口建设、水利建设等海洋资源的可持续利用方面具有重要的应用价值.This study analyzed the characteristics of the topographic evolution and the erosion and deposition of the study area by monitoring the bathymetric changes at the No.10 berth of Haicang harbor in Xiamen for five consecutive years using high-precision digital echo sounder and by referring to the grain size characteristics of the columnar sediments of the study area.The results showed that the thickness of the bottom sediments increased by 2.72 m from 2002 to 2007.From 2002 to 2004,the siltation was rapid,and it was slow from 2005 to 2007.It was indicated that the seasonal bathymetric changes was silting in flood seasons and scouring in dry seasons at the berth.The grain size of the columnar sediments changed gradually from silt to sand from the surface to the bottom.In flood seasons,due to the large amount of terrigenous sediment supplying and the strong hydrodynamic conditions,the depositions were mainly fine particles or suspended sediment redeposition by tides.In dry seasons,due to the river runoff decrease and the weak hydrodynamic conditions,the depositions were mainly surface sediment erosion by tide or coarse particles deposition.This study may provide practical experience for basin maintenance and sediment siltation calculation.Meanwhile,it has important application value in the sustainable use of marine resources,such as waterway and port construction,water conservancy construction,ect.

关 键 词：海洋地貌学 港口停泊区 冲淤变化 地形演变 九龙江口 

分 类 号：P737[天文地球—海洋地质]