中国城市居民自雇者的收入不平等与贫困:1989-2009  

Income Inequality and Poverty of Self-Employment in Urban China:1989-2009

作　　者：解垩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]财政部财政科学研究所,北京100142 [2]山东大学经济学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2012年第12期165-168,共4页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(编号:11YJC790068);中国博士后科学基金(编号:20110490019);全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项基金(编号:201202)

摘　　要：研究工资领取者收入不平等和贫困的文献较多,然而,关于自雇者的收入差距及贫困问题的研究却受到忽视。本文利用中国健康与营养调查数据,检验了1989-2009年间我国自雇者群体的收入不平等和贫困的趋势变化。本文首先对收入不平等和贫困进行了分组分解,分组选择了四个标志,分别是教育、行业、地区和性别,这样的分组可望在一定程度上回答某些具有政策性意义的问题,然后使用Mookherjee方法对广义熵指数进行了组内不平等、人口比例、平均收入的变动分解,利用Ravallion方法对贫困指数进行了组内、组间及交互效应的分解,研究发现:进入本世纪以来,自雇者之间的收入不平等出现了持续上升的态势,贫困率居高不下;熟练劳动力的回报相对上升、地区差异和行业差异构成了自雇者收入不平等和贫困趋势变化的主要成因。进一步的分析表明,对组内不平等而言,教育和地区对收入不平等上升的贡献较大,非熟练劳动力、中西部自雇者和服务行业的贫困上升是导致自雇群体总贫困上升的决定力量。最后,根据研究结论给出了相关政策建议。Though much work has been done on documenting and understanding the rise in inequality for wage earners, not much has been said about the income inequality among the self-employed. Using the panel data of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys（ 1989 - 2009） ,this paper examines the trend in income inequality and poverty among the self-employed workers in urban China. Firstly, this paper does subgroup decomposition of the inequality and poverty indices. The subgroups are considered here by education level of the worker, sector of employment, region of employment, and gender. These distinctions are important for policy analysis. Then, uisng Mookherjee method, generalized entropy index can be divided into within group inequalities, population shares, and subgroup mean incomes;using Ravallion method, poverty indices can be decomposed as within group effect, between group effect, and interaction effect. The main conclusion is that inequality among the self-employed has increased and poverty rate has been at the high level since 2000. Rising returns to skilled labor, regional differences and sectoral shifts in employment are important factors in explaining the trends in both inequality and poverty. However, within group inequality, for both education and regional decompositions, is the main contributor to the increase in inequality. Increase in poverty among the self-employed of unskilled labor and of middle-western regions and in the service sector are the biggest contributors to the aggregate poverty. Finally, policy recommendations of this paper are given based on the conclusions.

关 键 词：城市自雇 收入不平等 贫困 Shapley-Shorrocks分解 

分 类 号：C912.81[经济管理]