用PFU微型生物群落监测技术评价化工废水的静态毒性  

Static toxicity evaluation of chemical wastewater by PFU microbial communities method

作　　者：李朝霞[1] 张玉国 梁慧星[1] 

机构地区：[1]盐城工学院化学与生物工程学院,盐城224051 [2]盐城市环境监察局,盐城224003

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第23期7336-7345,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部科技型中小企业技术创新基金项目(09C26213203714);江苏省科技发展项目(BS2005035);2010年度江苏省高校"青蓝工程"科技创新项目支持

摘　　要：化工废水的排放是导致水环境毒物污染的重要来源,以原生动物为靶生物的微型生物群落监测——PFU法因能快速而真实地评价水体受污染程度而被广泛应用。盐城沿海化工园区是至今江苏省环保部门批准建设的苏北地区规模最大的以发展精细化工和医药化工为主导的专业园区,以该园区附近清洁水源中的原生动物为种源,用PFU法评价该园区化工废水的静态毒性。结果表明,原生动物群落对化工废水效应浓度(EC)变化非常敏感。在低的化工废水EC下,原生动物群落群集的物种多样性指数和群集种类均随毒性时间的延长而快速增加,群集速度也较快;随着化工废水EC的增加,原生动物群落群集的物种多样性指数随毒性时间的延长而增加缓慢甚至下降,群集种类则明显减少,群集速度也减缓,说明化工废水EC有较强的生物胁迫效应。在反映原生动物群集过程的3个参数Seq、G和T90%中,Seq与化工废水EC均呈负相关,而G随化工废水EC增加先呈负相关后呈正相关。根据其回归方程Seq=-0.141 EC+19.05(R2=0.941,P<0.01)推算出该化工废水的效应浓度EC5、EC20和EC50分别为7.1%、27.3%和67.7%。最终确定盐城沿海化工园区化工废水对其附近清洁水源原生动物群落的安全浓度为7.1%,最大允许浓度为27.3%。盐城沿海化工园区化工废水必须处理至其毒性削减72.7%以上才能排放。Protozoa are ideal biological indicators of pollution and toxicity. The microbial communities monitor method, or Polyurethane Foam Unit （PFU）, is widely used to assess the extent of water pollution due to its rapidity and accuracy. The Yancheng coastal chemical industrial zone, located in northern Jiangsu Province, is the largest special park approved for construction by the environmental administration of Jiangsu Province. This sector primarily oversees the development of pharmaceutical and chemical products. Wastewater discharged as part of such chemical manufacturing processes is an important source of water pollution and can potentially devastate water environments. Using the protozoan communities in the clear water near the industrial zone as source species, the static toxicity of the chemical wastewater was evaluated by PFU. Results showed that protozoan communities are very sensitive to effective concentration （EC） variations in the chemical wastewater. Under prolonged exposure to toxin at lower EC, rapid increases in protozoan species diversity andcolonized species indices, as well as colonization rate, were observed. At higher EC, the protozoan species diversity index increased slowly （or even decreased） while the colonized species index and colonization rate were reduced, indicating that high chemical wastewater EC exerts strong biological stress on water-inhabiting protozoa. Microbial communities exposed to low toxic stress from chemical wastewater eventually adapt and reach maturity. To characterize the protozoan colonization process, the number of protozoan species required to achieve balance Seq, the colonization rate G and the time required to achieve 90% Seq were studied in-depth. Among these three functional parameters （ Soq, G and T90% ）, S q was found to negatively correlate with the chemical wastewater EC, while G first negatively and later positively correlated with the chemical wastewater EC. The regression equation is Seq = -0. 141 EC＋19.05 （R2 =0. 941 ,P〈0. 01 ）. Th

关 键 词：原生动物群落 PFU法 盐城沿海化工园区 静态毒性 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]