北京市妫水河流域人类活动的水文响应  

The hydrological response to human activities in Guishui River Basin,Beijing

作　　者：刘玉明[1,2,3] 张静[1,2,3] 武鹏飞[1,2,3] 周德民[1,2,3] 宫辉力[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学三维信息获取与应用教育部重点实验室,北京100048 [3]资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第23期7549-7558,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40901026;41271004);北京市科技新星项目(2010B046);科技部中非科技合作项目(2010DFA92400);北京市自然科学基金(8123041)

摘　　要：选取1986—1987年、2005—2006年为两个研究时段,解译1987年和2005年两幅土地利用图,分析土地利用和气候变化情况。利用土壤水评价模型(Soil Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)量化近20年来人类活动对妫水河流域产生的直接与间接影响。结果显示:人类活动的间接影响使径流量增加,汛期(6—8月)增加显著,增幅达34.67%。另外,涨水与退水过程明显加快,径流分配趋于不均匀。人类活动的直接影响使径流量大幅度降低,平均径流系数下降了87%以上。涨水和退水过程基本消失,径流量分配趋于均匀。因此,在妫水河流域,人类活动的间接影响使流域涵养水源能力下降,易发生洪涝和干旱。人类活动的直接影响增加了降水的利用率,减少了洪涝和干旱。Over the last several decades, researchers have studied the hydrological disciplines through observed data. But with the impacts of human activities, the observed data cannot show the real hydrological situation gradually. The quantificational analysis of hydrological response to human activities has become the indispensable foundation when reservoir, water control project and large scale farmland were built. This analysis is facing many unresolved problems, and it becomes the advance front of the field of hydrology and water resource. The effects of human activities on hydrology can be divided into direct effects and indirect effects. The direct effects are classified to irrigate farmland and forests, to build reservoirs and to carry out water control projects and so on. These activities change the quality, quantity and distribution of water resource directly. The indirect effects are urbanization, tree planting and agriculture and so on. These activities influence the water resource indirectly by changing the land use types and weather. In this study, the year of 1986-1987 and 2005-2006 were chosen as two study periods. Two land use maps on the base of two TM images of 1987 and 2005 were classified manually. A SWAT model was setup and carried out in Guishui River basin, Beijing China to simulate the hydrological response to human activities. The results indicated that, human activities had remarkable effects on the runoff. In the study periods, the direct effects influenced the runoff much more than the indirect effects did. The indirect effectsincreased the runoff, especially dramatically in flood season （June to August） with the variation percentage was 34.67%. The swelling stage （ April to August） and falling stage （ September to December） got faster and the runoff showed high relativity to the precipitation. Along with the increase of the precipitation, the relativity was also enhancing, and the upward non-uniform coefficient indicated that the runoff varied more. The direct effects decreased th

关 键 词：人类活动 水文响应 SWAT模型 径流 

分 类 号：P333.5[天文地球—水文科学]