高温胁迫及其持续时间对棉蚜死亡和繁殖的影响  

Effects of pattern and timing of high temperature exposure on the mortality and fecundity of Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton

作　　者：高桂珍[1,2,3] 吕昭智[1] 夏德萍[1] 孙平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第23期7568-7575,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(sqj2011010);国家国际科技合作专项项目(2011DFA33170);中国科学院院地合作项目(XBXJ2011029)

摘　　要：为探索高温胁迫对棉蚜的影响,室内采用叶子圆片培养基饲养棉蚜的方法,研究不同温度(32,34,36,38,40℃)、不同处理时间(1,2,4,6 h)对棉蚜死亡和繁殖的影响。结果表明:棉蚜每日死亡率可用互补重对数模型较好地拟合。随着温度的升高和持续天数的延长,棉蚜累计死亡率呈上升趋势,38℃条件下其累计死亡率明显迅速上升。棉蚜半数致死温度随着每天高温处理时间的增加和高温持续天数的延长而降低,且第1—2天下降明显。棉蚜繁殖率随着温度的升高呈下降趋势,每天处理时间不同其繁殖率规律不同,但均是在38℃时下降最多。38℃可能是棉蚜耐高温能力的拐点。研究结果为提高棉蚜种群预测准确性、科学决策最佳化学防治时间提供依据。The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is an important and damaging pest of cotton crops worldwide and is now the most serious pest of cotton in Xinjiang, China. The weather in Xinjiang is extremely hot during the summer, with maximum daily temperatures consistently above 35℃. Temperature is an important environmental factor that can affect insect survival and fecundity, but how the biology of the cotton aphid is impacted by brief exposures to high temperatures is poorly understood. A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the effects of high-temperature shocks on the bionomics of A. gossypii in the laboratory. Cotton aphids were kept under the background conditions of （24±1）℃, （50＋10）% RH, and a photoperiod of 14h ：10h （light ：dark）. Adult aphids were exposed to high temperatures of 32, 34, 36, 38, or 40℃ for 1-6 hours per day, and their mortality and fecundity were determined. Complementary log-log regression model considering the effects of both temperature and time could well simulate the daily mortality of aphids that had been briefly exposed to high-temperature conditions. Pearson＇s chi-square test and the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic showed that the regression function was significant when high-temperature shocks lasted for 1-4 h/d ; t-tests indicated that the parameters of the models were significant （P〈0.05）. The value of A, the parameter for the time effect of temperature, changed as the number of treatment days increased, indicating that assessing the effects of bothtemperature and time was important and reliable. Analysis of variance showed that high-temperature shocks significantly affected the mortality and fecundity of the cotton aphid, and the effects depended on both the temperature and the duration of exposure. Analysis showed that the cumulative mortality of A. gossypii increased proportional to both temperature and duration of exposure. There was no significant difference in cumulative mortality of cotton aphids within the ranges of 32-38℃ for 1 h an

关 键 词：棉蚜 高温胁迫 累计死亡率 互补重对数模型 半数致死温度 繁殖率 

分 类 号：S435.622[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]