论我国对外国判决承认与执行的互惠原则——以利益衡量方法为工具  

Reconstruction on the Principle of Reciprocity of China in Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments:For Tools with the Interests-balancing Doctrine

作　　者：王吉文[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2012年第6期154-164,178,共11页The Jurist

基　　金：江西省高校人文社科项目"外国判决承认与执行的国际合作机制研究"(项目编号:FX1106)阶段成果

摘　　要：在外国判决承认与执行上适用互惠原则是国际上的一个惯例,以利用该原则内在的对等报复和激励支持两大功能来鼓励外国对内国判决的效力予以认可。不过,由于各国在互惠原则的适用上先验性地预设了国家利益的首要地位,并忽视了外国判决承认与执行的私人利益本质,从而使得法院缺失了利益的有效衡量,进而使互惠原则演变成单一的报复主义工具,最终使其成为外国判决承认与执行的一个障碍。因此,在一定程度上,利益衡量方法应是互惠原则回归正确道路的有效途径。我国在互惠原则的适用上不尽如人意,对互惠原则的立法完善和司法改进应当以利益衡量方法为基本根据,从而使其成为促进外国承认与执行我国判决的有利工具。The requirement of the Principle of Reciprocity in recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments has been an international usage,in order to make use of the Principle's two inherent functions,namely equivalent reprisal and positive incentive,for encouraging courts in various countries to confirm their judgments mutually.The reality of the application of the Principle,however,makes clear that the Principle has evolved into an obstacle to recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments because the courts in various countries set in advance in the Principle's application the priori status of national interest and willfully neglect its private interest nature of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments,which makes the courts impossible to balance interests effectively so as to make the Principle to be a revenge tool.To some extent,therefore,interest-balancing should be an effective way to return its correct road for the Principle of Reciprocity.At present,the application of the Principle is not satisfactory in China,thus,the interest-balancing doctrine should be a base for the Chinese legislative perfection and judicial improvement of the Principle of Reciprocity,in order to make it a favorable tool to encourage foreign courts to recognize and enforce Chinese judgments.

关 键 词：外国判决承认与执行 互惠原则 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]