结构可控的炭基材料在锂离子电池中的应用  

Structure Controlled Carbon-Based Materials for Lithium Ion Battery

作　　者：韩飞[1] 陆安慧[1] 李文翠[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学精细化工国家重点实验室、化工学院化工与环境生命学部,大连116024

出　　处：《化学进展》2012年第12期2443-2456,共14页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(No.NCET-08-0075);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.DUT12ZD218)资助

摘　　要：为了满足人们对高性能锂离子电池的需求,对电极材料进行结构设计和表面改性非常重要。基于炭材料独特的优势,通过使用炭材料或是制备炭基复合物能够极大地提高锂离子电池的电化学性能。基于本实验室的研究基础,本文总结了炭基材料在锂离子电池应用领域所发挥的重要作用,综述了炭材料和炭基复合材料作为锂离子电极材料的研究进展,着重阐述了通过引入炭材料和控制材料结构来提高电池电化学性能。在炭负极材料方面,主要概述了新型炭负极材料(碳纳米管、石墨烯和无定形炭)的各种形貌结构对电化学性能的影响及各自的优缺点。在含炭复合电极材料方面,详细介绍了正负极复合材料的制备方法、结构设计、形貌控制及复合物中炭对于提高正负极活性材料的导电性和结构稳定性所发挥的积极作用。最后,对于炭基材料在锂离子电池领域需要解决的问题进行了探讨,以期提高锂离子电池的应用性能。In order to meet the demand for high-performance lithium ion battery, it has been found that structure design and surface modification of the electrode materials are of great importance. Based on the unique advantages of carbon materials, the electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery can be improved largely through recruiting carbon or/and carbon-based composite materials. Based on our research, we summarize the significant effects of carbon-based materials for lithium ion battery, and review the recent advances of carbon materials and carbon-based composite materials as the lithium ion electrodes, with the focus on the introduction of carbon materials and control of material structures to improve the electrochemical performance. In carbon anode materials, we review the influence of the various morphologies and structures of novel carbon anode materials （carbon nanotubes, graphene and amorphous carbon） on the electrochemical performance and their advantages and disadvantages. In carbon-containing composite electrode materials, we summarize the preparation method, structure design and morphology control of cathode and anode materials. Meanwhile, carbon materials are found to be beneficial for improving the electrical conductivity and stabilizing the structure of active materials in cathodes and anodes. In the end, the unsolved problems of carbon-based materials in lithium ion battery are further discussed to look forward to further extensive applications of lithium ion battery.

关 键 词：炭负极材料 含炭复合材料 锂离子电池 导电性 结构稳定性 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] O613.71[理学—化学]