锂空气电池研究述评  

Review on Lithium-Air Batteries

作　　者：张栋[1] 张存中[1,2] 穆道斌[1,2] 吴伯荣[1,2] 吴锋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化工与环境学院、环境科学工程北京市重点实验室,北京100081 [2]国家高技术绿色材料发展中心,北京100081

出　　处：《化学进展》2012年第12期2472-2482,共11页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2009CB220100);厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放基金(2010-18);动力电池及化学能源材料北京市高等学校工程研究中心开放基金资助

摘　　要：由于锂空气电池具有很高的理论能量密度因而引起了广泛关注和研究。本文较为全面地论述了各种电解质体系中的锂空气电池的进展,包括:有机体系、水体系、离子液体体系、有机-水双电解质体系和全固态体系的锂空气电池;详细阐述和归纳了它们的工作原理和最新研究现状。对最新提出的锂-空气-超级电容电池的原理和特点进行了较详细的论述。结合氧气在有机电解质中的电化学还原行为指出单一有机电解质锂空气电池存在的问题以及可能的解决办法;同时展示了这类电池中空气电极催化剂的发展现状。结合双电解质锂空气电池、固态电解质锂空气电池、锂-空气-超级电容电池的结构阐述了它们各自的优缺点。本文还展示了一些可望用于单一有机电解质锂空电池、有机-水双电解质体系锂空电池的新型碳材料。最后对锂空气电池的研究发展进行了总结与展望,提出新型电解液、催化剂以及改进锂空气电池构造将会成为今后的发展趋势。Lithium-air battery has been a focus of study for the past two decades extensively because of its excellent properties of energy and power densities. The performance, operation mechanism and state-of-the-art of Li-air batteries, operated in all of electrolytes, such as non-aqueous electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquids electrolytes, aqueous-nonaqueous dual-electrolytes and all solid electrolytes, are collected and discussed in detail in this paper. In special, the performance, principle and potential practical possibility of lithium-air-super-capacitor battery, which was just mentioned last year, is also reviewed in detail. Combined with the electrochemical behavior and research results of oxygen reduction reaction on different electrodes in different non-aqueous electrolytes, the defect and problem of nonaqueous electrolyte lithium-air battery is also discussed. In this paper, the relationship between reversibility of ORR in organic electrolytes and rechargeable property of nonaqueous electrolyte lithium-air battery is discussed. In addition, some suggestions are exhibited based on relative research results. According to the device structure, electrochemical reaction of air electrode in different electrolytes and mass transfer behavior, the performances of organic-water dual-electrolyte lithium-air battery, all solid state electrolyte lithium-air battery and lithium-air-super-capacitor battery are compared and discussed. Moreover, some promising carbon-class electro-catalysts, such as graphene nanosheets（GNSs） , are also exhibited for the development of Li-air batteries. At last, the performance and development of lithium-air batteries are summarized and some meaningful development directions, such as exploration of new electrolytes, electro-catalysts and design of novel structures, are suggested for the next generation of Li-air batteries.

关 键 词：锂空气电池 空气电极 电解液 氧还原反应 催化剂 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学] O646.54[理学—化学]