矿产品出口的价格扭曲与政策调整——以焦炭为例  

The Price Distortion and Policy Adjustment of Mineral Exports:An Example of Coke

作　　者：曾先峰[1] 李国平[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学经济金融学院,陕西西安710128 [2]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2012年第12期4-15,共12页International Economics and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(11CJY038);国家社会科学重大项目(12&ZD072);教育部人文社科基金项目(11YJC790258)

摘　　要：矿产品出口政策的调整已成为中国政府亟待解决的难题。文章以焦炭为例从理论和实证两个方面分析了矿产品出口价格扭曲的根源及机理。研究发现,我国焦炭出口价格的扭曲根源于生产环节,属于生产扭曲。焦炭低价出口在本质上是我国以自己的资源成本和环境成本为代价向国外企业提供了隐形补贴。出口关税是补偿两个外部成本,纠正矿产品出口价格扭曲的一个手段,但是一种次优选择,容易引致国际贸易争端。根据扭曲理论,从源头上化解我国矿产品出口所面临的"避免双重损失与违反WTO规则"之间两难困境的关键是按照两个外部成本内部化的要求对矿产品的定价机制进行市场化改革,矿产品的出口价格应以内化了两个外部成本的市场价格为基础。The adjustment of the mineral export policy has become a pressing problem for the Chinese government. This paper investigates the cause and mechanism of the price distortion of mineral exports from theoretical and empirical perspectives. It finds that the price distortion of coke exports originates from its production process, and coke exports provide invisible subsidies to foreign companies at the expense of resources and environmental costs. Export tariffs are levied to compensate for two external costs, indicating that export tariffs have become a means of correcting the distorting mineral price. But high tariff revenues as a second-best option can easily lead to international trade disputes. According to the distortion theory, the key of the adjustment of mineral export policy is to reform the pricing mechanism in accordance with the requirement of internalizing external costs. Mineral export prices should be based on market prices which internalize the two external costs.

关 键 词：扭曲理论 使用者成本 环境外部成本 理论价格 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易]