从《神农本草经》看仲景方中芍药用药规律  

Administration laws of Shaoyao (Radix Paeonia) in ZHANG Zhong-jing's formulas analyzed based on Shennong Bencao Jing

作　　者：刘敏[1] 闫军堂[1] 王庆国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《北京中医药大学学报》2012年第11期725-728,731,共5页Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：<伤寒论>国家精品课程(No.10870100519);北京市精品课程(No.0101175)

摘　　要：《神农本草经》(以下简称《本经》)药性理论是仲景组方用药的重要理论基础。仲景用芍药悉遵《本经》,体现在:第一,主邪气腹痛,止痛,除血痹。仲景所论痛证,除却外寒闭阻和阳明腑实证属于纯实无虚外,其余证型皆有不同程度的不荣之虚。但凡痛有一分虚,仲景便有一分用芍药的机会,其用芍药治痛颇广。第二,破坚积、寒热疝瘕。白芍养血柔肝疏利气机,赤芍活血化瘀,皆可化积消癥。"寒热疝瘕者"一指寒邪或热邪之病因,二指瘀血、血虚所生热或生寒之病性。第三,利小便。芍药可通过疏肝、滋阴、活血三途达此效。第四,芍药是能益凉润、宁静、抑制作用的阴气。因此仲景用芍药可谓深得《本经》之要旨,并在此基础上有所深入和发展。从《本经》原文的角度对仲景方中芍药的运用规律进行总结与分析,以期有资于临床。The theory about medicinal nature in Shennong Bencao Jing is an important theoretic basis for ZHANG Zhong-jing＇ s formulas and medicinal administration. ZHANG Zhong-jing used Shaoyao （Radix Paeonia） totally according to Shennong Bencao Jing, which was reflected in firstly, governing abdominal pain due to pathogen, relieving pain and removing blood impediment. The pain syndromes discussed by ZHANG Zhong-jing had deficiency in varying degrees except of external cold obstruction and syndrome of Yangming bowel excess. As long as pain syndrome had a littte deficiency, ZHANG Zhong-jing would have the chance to use Shaoyao. and he administrated widely Shaoyao for relieving pain. Secondly, Shaoyao is used for breaking hard accumulation and heat-cold hernia. Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba） was used for nourishing blood, softening liver and dispersing qi movement, and Chishao （Radix Paeoniae Rubra） was used for activating blood and removing stasis, and both have the action of resolving accumulation and eliminating mass. Heat-cold hernia means the cause is cold pathogen or heat pathogen and nature is heat or cold produced from blood stasis and blood deficiency. Thirdly, Shaoyao is used for draining urine through soothing liver, nourishing yin and activating blood. Fourthly, Chishao can benefit yin qi with cool, quiet and inhibitory effects. Therefore, ZHANG Zhong-jing got the gist of Shennong Bencao Jing and probed into and developed it. The summarization and analysis on the administration laws of Shaoyao in ZHANG Zhong-jing＇ s formulas from the angle of original text of Shennong Bencao Jing will help clinical practice.

关 键 词：神农本草经 仲景方 芍药 疼痛 利小便 寒热疝瘕 益气 

分 类 号：R281.2[医药卫生—中药学]