设施栽培对杨梅生长发育和品质的影响  

Effect of protected cultivation to the development and quality of Myrica rubra

作　　者：黄海静 符国槐 杨再强 张静 金志凤[3] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]慈溪市气象局,浙江慈溪315300 [3]浙江省气候中心,浙江杭州310017

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第6期47-52,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家气象公益性行业科研专项项目(GYHY(QX)200906023;GYHY(QX)201006028);江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2010734)

摘　　要：以‘丁岙’杨梅(Myrica rubra Sieb.cv.‘Dingao’)为试材,分别于2010年和2011年1—6月间,在浙江温州开展设施大棚和露地杨梅观测试验,研究设施栽培对杨梅生长发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明:观测期间,杨梅塑料大棚内日均气温、日均空气相对湿度、气温日较差和大于10℃的有效积温较棚外分别高3.0℃、12%、6.7℃和237.5℃.d;设施杨梅单果质量、果实可溶性固形物、糖、Vc含量及可食率分别比露地栽培杨梅提高了38.6%、11.1%、8.3%、56.6%和9.7%,有机酸含量减少了11.5%,每666.7 m2果实产量提高了17.7%;同时设施杨梅较露地提早成熟,杨梅果实直径与累计温光效应(APTE)较好地符合Logistic方程。利用逐步回归分析,建立了杨梅品质与气象因子的回归方程,相关分析结果显示:日均气温、气温日较差和大于10℃的有效积温与果实可溶性固形物、含糖量、Vc含量、酸含量及单果质量的相关性显著;最高、最低气温及日平均空气相对湿度与果实可溶性固形物、Vc含量和单果质量显著相关。因此,设施大棚具有增温、保湿作用,可有效调节小气候条件,显著缩短杨梅果实发育进程和改善果实品质。Using the Myrica rubra Sieb.cv.＇Dingao＇ as test material,the observation trial of facilities and outdoor cultivation of M.rubra was carried out in Ding＇ao village in Wenzhou from January to June in 2010 and 2011.The feature of microclimate and the effect of meteorological condition on the growth and fruit quality of M.rubra were examined.The results showed that： daily average temperature,daily average relative humidity,diurnal temperature range,the effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ of greenhouse in 2010 were 3.0 ℃,12 %,6.7 ℃,237.5 ℃·d higher than that outdoor cultivation;the mature time of M.rubra in greenhouse cultivation was earlier than that in nature field,the correlation between diameter of fruit and the days after fruit setting were accorded with a half-baked single S curve;compared with M.rubra of outdoor cultivation,the weight of single fruit,content of soluble solids,sugar,Vc and edible rate of M.rubra in greenhouse were increased by 38.6 %,11.1 %,8.3 %,56.6 %,9.7 % respectively however,organic acid content decreased by 11.5 %,and the product yield increased by 17.7 % every 666.7 m2.2011 and 2010 have the similar results.We established a regression equation between the quality and environmental factors of M.rubra by using stepwise regression analysis.The correlation analysis showed that daily average temperature,diurnal temperature range and effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ were significantly correlated with soluble solids,content of sugar,Vc,organic acid and the weight of single fruit,which all through significance test by 0.05;the highest,lowest temperature and daily average relative humidity were significantly correlated with soluble solids,Vc content and the weight of single fruit.The facilities cultivation had a significant function of increasing temperature and protecting moisture,and changed the microclimate conditions effectively,which could shorten the development process and improved the fruit quality of M.rubra significantly.

关 键 词：设施栽培 杨梅 果实发育 果实品质 

分 类 号：S667.6[农业科学—果树学]