社会决策:自我利益与他人利益的权衡  

Social Decision-making: The Equilibrium between Self interest and the Interests of Others

作　　者：苏彦捷[1] 张慧[1] 张康[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第6期1423-1428,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30970907;31170995)的资助

摘　　要：自我利益与他人利益之间的冲突是社会决策中最重要的心理冲突之一。在自我利益与他人利益中寻求平衡是社会决策的关键。西方经济学理论在很长一段时间里认为,追求自我利益是人类行为的唯一动机。近年来越来越多的理论和实证研究表明在社会互动中,人类同时也会关心他人的利益。本文试图将自我利益和他人利益作为社会决策中利益权衡的两端,综合起来阐释诸如合作、利他、公平、利己等人类社会决策行为的重要概念。通过这种理论建构,本综述将纷繁的概念整合到统一、清晰的框架中。The conflict between self-interest and the interests of others is assumed to be one of the key conflicts involved in social decision-making. The trade-off between self-interest and the interests of others becomes pivotal. In classical western economic theories, pursuing material self-interest was assumed to be the sole human motivation. This assumption has been challenged recently in the field of developmental psychology, comparative psychology, economic psychology, behavioral economics, and neuroeconomics. It is established that people are also concerned about others＇ welfare. The concurrence of pursuing self-interest and caring for the interests of others brings about the problem of how people consider the equilibrium between the two. Several important concepts, such as pro-self behavior, strategic other-regarding behavior, pro-social behavior, cooperation, altruism, reciprocity, and fairness, involve the trade-off between self-interest and the interests of others. However, previous theories failed to integrate these concepts. In this review, self-interest and the interests of others were constructed as two sides of the equilibrium involved in social decision-making. Through the construction, the important concepts involved in social decision-making behavior （ such as proself behavior, strategic other-regarding behavior, prosocial behavior, cooperation, altruism, reciprocity, fairness）, were integrated into one framework. The concept of fairness means considering self-interest and the interests of others to the same extent. The concept of proself means considering self-interest more than the interests of others. The concept of strategic other-regarding means strategically considering others in order to pursue self-interest. The concept of altruism means sacrificing self-interest to benefit others. The concept of cooperation means considering the interests of both sides simultaneously. The concept of reciprocity means sacrificing self-interest to benefit others at first, and getting a payback next time. Th

关 键 词：社会决策 自我利益 他人利益 合作 利己 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]