晚期奥斯曼帝国与欧洲国家关系的演变及其特征  

The Evolution and Features of the Relations between Late Ottoman Empire and European Countries

作　　者：王三义[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,教授太原030006

出　　处：《世界历史》2012年第6期106-115,161,共10页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(2009年)"晚期奥斯曼帝国史研究"的阶段性研究成果项目批准号为:09BSS008

摘　　要：当奥斯曼帝国的衰弱与欧洲国家的强大形成鲜明对比时,欧洲大国看似掌握着瓜分奥斯曼帝国的主动权,但欧洲国家因利益冲突而不可能一致对付奥斯曼帝国。奥斯曼帝国内忧外患、衰弱不堪,但它依靠一两个强国来抵制其他欧洲强国的侵犯,保持了国家主权的独立:在英国和法国的帮助下抵制俄国,在俄国帮助下压制埃及行省的分裂行动,依靠德国的帮助抗拒其他欧洲强国,客观上延缓了帝国的衰亡。很显然,奥斯曼帝国的外交虽是"病急乱投医",但也有一定主动性,并非完全任人宰割;只是帝国内政中的问题削弱了正常外交活动。奥斯曼帝国对欧关系的演变受当时欧洲国际关系格局变动的严重影响,帝国最终被卷入欧洲大国之间的战争。While the later Ottoman Empire was obviously weak comparing with the strong European countries,the European countries could decide how to carve up the territories of Ottoman Empire,but they had never been united to crush the Ottoman Empire because of the different interests.On the contrary,the Ottoman Empire,which was feeble enough with internal misery and external invade,maintained the sovereignty by depending on one or two European countries to fight against other European countries.The Ottoman Empire had sought aid of Britain or France at first in order to resist Russia and Austria,then it depended on Germany to resist other European countries.As a result,the destruction of the Ottoman Empire had been postponed.It was clearly the Ottoman Empire had not been divided and crushed because it could hurriedly but actively choose its policy.However,the internal political problems had influenced the diplomacy.The relations between the Ottoman Empire and the European countries were deeply restricted by the structure of European internal relationship,so the Ottoman Empire had been drawn into the First World War.

关 键 词：晚期奥斯曼帝国 欧洲国家 关系演变 特征 

分 类 号：K374.3[历史地理—历史学] K503[历史地理—世界史]