近代青藏地区民间商贸与牧民社会变迁——以青海地区为例  

Modern Qinghai-Tibetan Area Folk Trade and Pastoral Social Change——take Qinghai as an example

作　　者：勉卫忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学人文学院,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《中国农史》2012年第4期70-79,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(编号:11XZS012)阶段性成果之一;青海师范大学科技创新项目

摘　　要：近代以来青藏地区随着民间商贸的兴盛与辐射,广大牧民家庭生活资料消费开始了结构性变革,需求结构呈现向多样化发展的趋势。这促进了牧民思想意识的变化,尤其是商贸的频繁往来直接催生了普通牧民的经商意识,掌握了一些基本的经商之术,牧民的商贸资本组成方式和经营模式也逐渐完善。对外来商品的依赖和本地土特产品的大量外运,推动了牧民生产结构的变迁,一方面畜牧狩猎生产方式的逐渐缩小,农耕且定居的生产生活方式不断扩大,另一方面在市场供需关系的影响下,牧民从事的畜牧生产也相应地进行了结构调整,逐渐形成了以一地一品为特色的畜牧养殖业。这样外界市场信息亦更迅速传入广大牧区部落中,导致他们的生产活动走出封闭、半封闭状态,牧民的社会开始了变迁。With the flourishing and radiation of modern folk trade in Qinghai-Tibet area, more and more herdsman family had the structural changes in family life consumption which had the trend of diverse development, all of these had influence in promoting the consciousness changes of herdsman, especially the business sense of normal herdsman. They gained some basic business skills. At the same time, the business capital com- position and operation mode of normal herdsman were gradually perfected. The normal herdsman＇s dependence on the foreign goods and the exportation of loeal native products promoted the structure changes of herdsman. On one hand, the animal hunting mode of production was gradually redueed and the settlement based on agri- culture was extended, On the other hand, the livestock production had some structural adjustment with the in- fluence of the relationship between market supply and demand which formed the animal products with its own characteristics. Under this circumstance, the external market information vast to the pasturing area and tribes and the life activities of herdsman walked out from the closed or semi-enclosed state, therefore, their society began to change.

关 键 词：近代 青藏地区 民间商贸 牧民社会变迁 

分 类 号：S09[农业科学] K25[历史地理—历史学]