园林地慢速渗滤系统处理农村分散式生活污水  

Garden slow percolation system for processing rural distributed wastewater

作　　者：段增强[1] 段婧婧[1,2] 耿晨光[1,2] 李汛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第23期192-199,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：农业部公益性行业项目(200903011)

摘　　要：针对农村分散式生活污水处理设施缺乏而面源污染严重的问题,该研究从土壤自净功能出发,结合传统土地慢速渗滤处理系统和澳大利亚FILTER系统技术特点,提出了园林地慢速渗滤农村生活污水处理系统,优化了污水处理工艺中的布水和排水系统,提高了系统的污水接纳与处理能力。试验结果表明该系统对TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)、COD(化学需氧量)、TOC(总有机碳)、NH4+-N(铵态氮)均有较好去除效果,平均去除率分别为80.7%、89.2%、89.5%、60.2%、85.7%,出水水质达到一级A类标准。该系统对农村生活污水处理效果良好,具有技术可行、成本有效和管理方便等特点,为中国现阶段农村生态环境建设提供参考。According to the problems of non-point source pollutions resulted from decentralized rural domestic wastewater in China, on the basis of self-purification capability of soil, garden land infiltration system was constructed in a garden land at Caohuang village of Xinghua city in Jiangsu province, which combined the techniques of traditional slow rate land treatment system and the Australian land filter system. Hydraulic loading rates were calculated based on the growth characteristics of camphor tree （Cinnamomum camphora）, meteorological conditions and land capacity of the site. Water distribution and drainage system were also optimized in the present study for improving treatment capability. The garden land infiltration system had run for six months since June, 2010. The results showed that the average removal rates of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total organic carbon （TOC） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4＋-N） were 80.7%, 89.2%, 89.5%, 60.2% and 85.7%, respectively. The concentration of pollutants in the outflow met the requirements of the first standard （A level） of National Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant （GB 18918-2002）. No significant difference was found after the experiments between the groundwater qualities in the experiment plot and the control plot. The treatment efficiency of this garden land system has preferably reached the design requirements. According to the calculation, the construction cost of the system was only 36 000 Yuan with the treatment capacity of 14.7 ma/d, which was much lower than other wastewater treatment techniques. The garden land infiltration system has the advantages of technique-feasible, cost-effective and maintenance-convenient, and can also provide a viable alternative for decentralized wastewater treatment in rural areas of China.

关 键 词：污水处理 渗滤 污染控制 农村生活污水 分散式污水 园林地 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]