迈向“战略克制”?——“9·11”事件以来美国国内有关大战略的论争  

Towards the "Strategic Restraint"?: the Grand Strategy Debate in the U.S.post-9/11

作　　者：赵明昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,博士研究生100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2012年第3期133-162,187,共30页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：北京大学国际战略研究中心的研究资助

摘　　要："9·11"事件以来,在国际环境发生重大变化和国家实力陷入相对衰落的背景下,美国国内就大战略问题展开论争,检讨"布什主义"的"战略短视"和"战略虚耗"弊端,对美国国家安全威胁的性质、范围和特征有了进一步认识,并在此基础上设定国家利益和国家安全目标,提出了新的大战略。这些大战略基本上都承认或暗示美国实力的有限性及美国单极地位的不可持续性,强调美国应采取"战略克制"。在这一大战略论争中,具有跨党派共识基础的"新自由国际主义"大战略模式对奥巴马政府产生了最为显著的影响,但其政策实践注重务实主义,对"选择性介入"、"离岸制衡"等各种大战略主张进行了"菜单点选"式的借鉴。In light of the profound transformation in the international environment since 9/11and with U.S.power falling into relative decline,the debate of what appropriate grand strategy should be adopted has emerged.Through critiques of maladies such as the 'strategic myopia' and 'strategic exhaustion' that plagued the Bush Doctrine;along with a deeper understanding of the nature,scope,and characteristics of U.S.national security threats;and by establishing national interests,ends,and means upon this foundation,new grand strategies have been proposed.These grand strategies all recognize or hint at the limitations of U.S.national power,that unipolarity is unsustainable;they argue that the U.S.ought to adopt strategic restraint.In this debate about grand strategy,the school of neo-liberal-internationalism has the foundation of bipartisan consensus and influenced the Obama administration the most.However,the administration's policies have practiced pragmatism and also selected approaches such as 'selective intervention' and 'offshore balancing' of the 'menu of grand strategies.'

关 键 词：国际政治理论 美国 大战略 离岸制衡 选择性介入 新自由国际主义 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]