海事赔偿责任限制基金设立与分配程序的功能反思  

A Functional Review of the Procedure for Constitution and Distribution of Limitation Fund for Maritime Claims

作　　者：夏元军[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第6期12-17,共6页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅文科基地项目"比较法视野下的海事赔偿责任限制制度研究"(WJ2010006);大连海事大学青年骨干教师基金项目"海上油污损害赔偿立法模式转型与风险分担机制社会化研究"(2012QN089)

摘　　要：海事赔偿责任限制制度的根本目标是"一次事故,一个限额",该目标对程序机制的要求有四:统一确认海事赔偿责任限制权利;设立、分配海事赔偿责任限制基金或者其他形式的责任限额;集中管辖;禁止对责任人的财产行使权利,或者解除已采取的保全或执行措施。其中,前两项是基本要求,后两项是附加要求,第一项是其他三项的基础和前提。独立、完整的海事赔偿责任限制程序应当具备全部四项功能。我国的海事赔偿责任限制基金设立与分配程序缺少第一项功能,给已明确规定的其他三项功能带来不同程度影响。建议对现行立法做局部微调,补充第一项功能,当然,更为理想的方案是整体转型为独立、完整的海事赔偿责任限制程序。The ultimate goal of the system of limitation of liability for maritime claims is ＂one accident,one limit＂.This goal has four requirements for the procedureal mechanism： uniform confirmation of the right of limitation of liability for maritime claims;constitution and distribution of limitation fund for maritime claims;centralized jurisdiction;and banning exercise of rights against property of the person liable or releasing preservation or execution.The former two requirements are essential and the latter two are additional.The first requirement is the basis and premise of the other three.An independent and integrated procedure of limitation of liability for maritime claims should have all four functions.The procedure for constitution and distribution of limitation fund for maritime claims in China lacks the first function,which affects the other three precribed functions to some extent.The proposal is to supply the current legislation with the first function.A better choice,of course,is to transform the whole procedure to an independent and integrated procedure of limitation of liability for maritime claims.

关 键 词：根本目标 要求 功能缺失 功能补正 

分 类 号：D922.24[政治法律—经济法学]