家庭环境特征对1～2岁儿童气质和智能的影响  

Impact of family environment on 1-2 year children's temperament and intelligence

作　　者：金岚[1] 高明娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥市妇幼保健所儿童心理保健科,230061

出　　处：《安徽医学》2012年第11期1561-1564,共4页Anhui Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的了解家庭环境特征对合肥市1～2岁儿童气质和智能的影响,为儿童早期发展指导提供依据。方法合肥市妇幼保健所测试的1～2岁正常儿童共51例作为研究对象,采用家庭环境量表中文版、幼儿气质测验、Gesell发育诊断量表对家庭环境特征、幼儿气质及智能进行评估。结果家庭环境特征中的娱乐性影响气质中的反应强度,负性影响心境;组织性负性影响反应强度,影响持久性(P<0.05)。家庭环境特征中的亲密度、成功性负性影响智能中的大运动(P<0.05),知识性影响适应性、大运动(P<0.05),娱乐性负性影响精细动作(P<0.05),组织性影响精细动作(P<0.05)。结论娱乐性、组织性是影响1～2岁儿童气质特点的主要家庭环境特征,亲密度、成功性、知识性、组织性是影响1～2岁儿童智能发育的主要家庭环境特征,家庭环境对1～2岁儿童气质和智能有重要的影响。Objective To study the environmental influence on 1-2 year children＇s temperament and intelligence in Hefei,and to provide the basis for early childhood development.Methods All 51 children at the age of 1-2,healthy,were chosen from children＇s mental health clinic of Maternal and Child Health Institution in the city of Hefei,were assessed by FES-CV,Carey＇s Questionnaire for temperament evaluation and Gesell＇s intelligence test.Results Family environmental characteristics such as entertainment affected intensity of reaction,negatively affected quality of mood;organization negatively affected intensity of reaction,affected attention span and persistence（P〈0.05）.Familiarity,self-accomplishment negatively affected gross motor（P〈0.05）.Intellectual-cultural orientation affected gross motor and adaptability（P〈0.05）.Entertainment negatively affected fine motor（P〈0.05）.Organization affected fine motor（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Entertainment and organization are the main family environmental characteristics affecting children＇s temperament.Familiarity,self-accomplishment intellectual-cultural orientation and organization are the main family environmental characteristics affecting children＇s intelligence.Family environment has important influence on children＇s temperament and intelligence.

关 键 词：家庭环境特征 气质 智能 儿童早期发展 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]