连续施用控释氮肥对超级水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤养分变化的影响  

Effect of Super-rice Yield,Apparent N Recovery Rates and Soil Nutrients Change by Long-term Applying Controlled-release Nitrogen

作　　者：李敏[1,2,3] 李广涛 叶舒娅[1,2] 刘枫[1,2] 袁嫚嫚[1,2] 郭熙盛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥230031 [2]安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,合肥230031 [3]安徽农业大学,合肥230036 [4]国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,山东临沭276700

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第33期130-134,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划"缓控释肥产业化技术集成与示范"(2011BAD11B02);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD04B09);国家粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B06-02);安徽省农科院科技创新团队项目(11C0202)资助

摘　　要：为了明确树脂包膜控释氮肥在超级水稻上的应用效果,通过树脂包膜控释氮肥小区定位试验,以常规施肥为对照,分析了控释氮肥不同配比和用量连续施用对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及收获后土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明,水稻产量以CRU50%+PU50%处理最高为11200.5kg/hm2,与CRU70%+PU30%无显著差异,但极显著高于其他施氮处理,70%氮肥用量控释氮肥处理效果优于一次施用普通氮肥处理,与分次施用普通氮肥相当。100%氮肥用量控释氮肥配施普通氮肥处理通过增加水稻穗长、总粒数、实粒数和千粒重,达到增产效果。随着氮肥施用量增加,氮肥利用率显著降低,施用控释氮肥各处理显著高于施用普通氮肥处理,其中CRU42%+PU28%和CRU70%氮肥利用率为53.73%和52.06%,显著高于其他处理8.90～29.29个百分点和7.23～27.62个百分点。水稻收获后70%氮肥用量施用控释氮肥土壤养分含量最高。70%氮肥用量的CRU42%+PU28%处理达到节本、增效目的,在超级水稻应用效果最好。本试验结果为控释氮肥在超级水稻上合理施用提供参考数据。The low N use efficiency is not only resource-wasting, but also seriously impact soil, air, water and surrounding environments. This study aimed to clarify the application result of controlled-release nitrogen coated with polyethylene in supper-rice. With conventional nitrogen as control, the effect of super-rice yield, apparent N recovery rates and soil nutrients change long-term applying controlled-release nitrogen were determined through the fixed position experiments of controlled release nitrogen. The results showed that the CRU 50%＋PU 50% of rice yield reached the highest and rice yield reached 11200.5 kg/hm2. There was no significant difference between the CRU 50%＋PU 50% and CRU 70%＋PU 30%, but they were significantly higher than else nitrogen. The decreasing 30% nitrogen treatment of applying controlled-release nitrogen weresuperior to common nitrogen as a base fertilizer and equivalent to common nitrogen as top fertilizer. The total content nitrogen of combined application of controlled-release nitrogen and common nitrogen could increase spike length, the number of grain per ear, filled grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. Nitrogen recovery of rice controlled-release nitrogen treatments was significantly higher than common nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen recovery of CRU 42%＋PU 28% and CRU 70% were 53.73% and 52.06%, significantly over 8.90%-29.29% and 7.23%-27.62% than else treatments, respectively. After harvest the soil nutrients were the most in 70% content nitrogen of controlled-release nitrogen. CRU 42%＋PU 28% had notable effect on decreasing cost and increasing benefit, which provided a theoretical foundation for the application and promotion of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in super-rice.

关 键 词：控释氮肥 超级水稻 产量 氮肥利用率 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]