有机污染场地浅层地下水对斑马鱼胚胎发育的生物毒性研究  

Bio-Toxicity of Shallow Groundwater in Organic Pollutants Contaminated Site to the Development of Embryos of Zebrafish

作　　者：周艳[1,2,3] 徐建[2,3] 冯艳红[2,3] 赵欣[2,3] 万金忠[2,3] 林玉锁[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]国家环境保护土壤环境管理与污染控制重点实验室,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2012年第6期700-705,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2009AA063103);环保公益性行业科研专项(200809100;200909075)

摘　　要：以斑马鱼为受试生物,对某有机污染场地危险品仓库车间(1号样点)、氯化石蜡车间(2号样点)和厂区外(3号样点)3个不同区域的土壤浅层地下水进行斑马鱼急性毒性试验和胚胎发育毒性试验。结果表明,1号水样对斑马鱼成鱼的φ(72 h,LC50)为79.12%,2和3号水样对斑马鱼成鱼的φ(72 h,LC50)均大于100%。3种水样对斑马鱼胚胎具有不同程度的发育毒性效应,对斑马鱼胚胎的24 h卵凝结率、20 s内无自主性活动和72 h孵化率都存在剂量-效应关系。3种水样对斑马鱼均具有一定的致畸效应,对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性由大到小依次为1、2和3号水样。胚胎毒性试验灵敏度高于成鱼急性毒性试验,且简单快速,可用于污染场地水样污染毒性的快速诊断,为场地的进一步危害识别与风险评估提供依据。Zebrafish was chosen as a subject in tests on shallow groundwaters （GW1, GW2 and GW3） sampled from 3 different sites, a hazardous chemical storage, chlorinated paraffin workshop and a place outside the chemical plant, for a- cute toxicity to zebrafish and toxicity affecting the development of zebrafish embryos. Results show that to adult zebrafish φ（72 h, LC50 ） of GW1 was 79. 12% , and of GW2 and GW3 both greater than 100%. Different degrees of toxic effects of the three shallow groundwaters on development of zebrafish embryos were recorded. The biotoxieity indices, like egg coag- ulation rate in 24 h, non-spontaneous movement within 20 s and hatching rate in 72 h, were found to be closely related to dosage of the pollutant. The waters also had certain teratogenic effects on zebrafish, which would display pericardial cyst, spinal curvature, tail curvature or lack of melanin. The waters followed an order of GW 1 〉 GW 2 〉 GW 3 in biotoxici- ty. It is suggested that the toxicity test on zebra.fish embryos is higher in sensitivity than the acute toxicity test. Moreover, the former is simple and rapid, and hence can be used in rapid screening of contaminated groundwater, which provides scientific basis for further hazard identification and risk assessment.

关 键 词：污染场地 浅层地下水 斑马鱼胚胎 生物毒性 污染诊断 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]