118例次医务人员职业暴露的监控结果与分析  

Monitoring of occupational exposure to 118 case-times of medical staff

作　　者：蒋述科[1] 李春凤[1] 徐镛男[1] 陈晓燕[1] 唐春兰[1] 罗彪峰[1] 李林[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西桂林医学院附属医院医院感染管理科,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2012年第23期5328-5330,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的探讨职业暴露在医务人员群体中的分布、暴露形式及暴露源感染状况,以降低职业暴露风险。方法职业暴露者于发生职业损伤时按相关流程及时进行报告和登记;管理部门对受损伤者给予援助及追踪观察。结果 2008-2010年职业暴露事件118人次,发生率为2.22%;其中女性107人次,占90.68%;护士88人次,占74.58%,明显高于医师群体的22.03%;工龄≤5年的医务人员57人次,占48.31%;暴露的因素主要为锐器损伤,其中针头刺伤占67.39%;感染或携带经血液或体液传播病菌的暴露源71人次,占60.17%,情况未明者34人次,占28.81%。结论护士及工龄≤5年的医务人员是职业暴露的主要群体,暴露源多患经血液传播的疾病或为病菌携带者;加强教育、规范操作是降低职业暴露风险的关键。OBJECTIVE To discuss the occupational exposure in the distribution of in medical staff various groups,the forms of exposure, and infection status of exposure sources so as to reduce the risk of occu pationcl exposure. METHODS When occupational exposure incident occurred, the reporting and registration were performed in a timely manner according to the related procedures; the management departments provided assistance and tracking observation for the injured. RESULTS A total of 118 case-times of occupational exposure incidents occurred from2008 to 2010 with the incidence of 2. 22% ; there were 107 female medical staff, accounting for 90. 68% 88 nurses accounted for 74.58%, significantly higher than 22.03% of the physicians; there were 57 medical staff with the working life less than 5 years, accounting for 48.31%; the sharp instrument injuries were the majoroccupational exposure, among which the needle head injuries accounted for 67. 39%; there were totally 71 （60. 17 %） cases infected with the pathogens transmitting through the blood or body fluid and 34 （28.81%） case- times with unknown conditions. CONCLUSION The nurses and the medical staff whose working life is less than 5 years are the major populations with the occupational exposure, and the main exposure Sources are the blood- through transmitted diseases or the pathogen-carriers; it is crucial to intensify the education and the standardized operation to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.

关 键 词：职业暴露 锐器损伤 监测 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]