不同秸秆还田方式对黑土土壤氮素和物理性状的影响  

Impact of Different Straw Return Systems on Nitrogen and Physical Characters in Black Soil

作　　者：赵伟[1] 陈雅君[1] 王宏燕[1] 李传宝[1] 刘佳斌[1] 高寒[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《玉米科学》2012年第6期98-102,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BADB3B01-02);黑龙江省高教强省新农村课题"黑龙江省资源循环型新农村建设的对策研究";黑龙江省教育厅课题(12521020);东北农业大学博士启动金(2010RCB28)

摘　　要：通过大田试验对不同秸秆还田方式下黑土农田生态系统土壤氮素和物理性状进行研究。结果表明,不同秸秆还田处理土壤容重降低0.09～0.19 g/cm3;土壤比重增加19.82%～29.49%;土壤总孔隙度增加18.23%～22.26%。过腹还田处理增加土壤全氮含量;秸秆直接还田处理和腐解还田处理土壤全氮含量低于常规栽培方式(对照)和无秸秆处理;不同秸秆还田处理增加了土壤铵态氮和微生物量氮含量;过腹还田处理降低了土壤硝态氮含量,提高了土壤可溶性有机氮含量;秸秆直接还田处理和腐解还田处理增加了土壤硝态氮含量,降低了土壤可溶性有机氮含量。因此,不同秸秆还田方式配施微生物菌剂,结合先进的栽培方式是增加土壤有效氮素的有效途径,有利于退化黑土的可持续利用。The effects of different straw return systems on nitrogen and physical characters in black soil were re- searched by field experiment. The main results showed that the volumetric weights of different straw return treatments were decreased 0.09 - 0.19 g/cm^3, soil proportions were increased 19.82% - 29.49% and porosities in soil were ad- vanced 18.23% - 22.26%. Manure fertilizer treatment increased total-N contents and the total-N contents of straw direct-application into soil treatment and rotted straw treatment were lower than those of CK and no straw treatment. Different straw return treatments increased the NH4^＋ -N content and microbial biomass nitrogen content. Manure fertil- izer treatment reduced NO3--N content and increased soluble organic nitrogen content. Straw direct-application into soil treatment and rotted straw treatment added NO3--N content and decreased soluble organic nitrogen content. Thus the application of different straw return systems combining with microbial preparation and advanced planting manner is a valid pathway to improve effective nitrogen of soil and benefit to sustainable use of degenerate soil.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 黑土 氮素营养 土壤物理性状 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]