2006—2009年北京市丰台区犬只狂犬病病毒抗体效价调查分析  

Surveillance of rabies virus antibody level in domestic dogs in Fengtai District,Beijing during 2006-2009

作　　者：路静[1] 朱祥宇[2] 王迎[1] 李益琛[1] 杜小燕[1] 陈振文[1] 王超[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学实验动物部,北京100069 [2]北京大学医学部实验动物部,北京100191

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2012年第12期1800-1803,共4页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

摘　　要：为了摸清当前社会犬只的狂犬病免疫状况,我们从2006年起连续4年对北京市丰台区城区和4个乡镇社会犬只的狂犬病病毒抗体效价进行了抽样调查。所采集的犬只血清样品共4 776份,采用免疫荧光中和试验法检测其血清狂犬病病毒抗体效价并做统计分析。结果显示,有68.1%的免疫接种犬的抗体滴度为阳性,未免疫犬有16.4%为阳性(P<0.01);在城区和乡镇间,免疫接种覆盖率分别为81.7%和27.6%(P<0.01);在大型犬和小型犬间,免疫接种率有较大差异,分别为69.5%和39.3%(P<0.01)。虽然北京市狂犬病的发生率和病死率多年来都控制在0.02/100 000以下,但从犬只免疫接种率来看,4年中任何1年的接种率都没有超过WHO规定的70%的标准,分别为55.0%、53.8%、67.4%和54.4%,提示免疫接种率较低,存在狂犬病发作的风险。调查结果还显示城区免疫阳性犬数量是乡镇的2.5倍;在疫苗的接种率和狂犬病痛毒抗体效价方面,城区也好于乡镇,说明加强农村地区犬只免疫接种率是今后狂犬病预防的重要工作内容。调查还发现,免疫过的小型犬数量是大型犬的1.68倍,究其原因,一方面是因为城区绝大多数犬都是小型犬,普遍接受免疫接种;而在乡镇,大多数犬是中大型犬,而且漏免率较高。调查结果提示:北京市应加强对农村地区犬只的免疫接种,尤其要提高对中大型犬的免疫接种率。In order to clarify the general control of rabies in domestic dogs,the authors investigated the rabies antibody level in the dogs raised in urban and 4 rural satellite towns in Fengtai District,Beijing from 2006 to 2009. All of 4776 samples were collected,rabies virus neutralization antibody （VNA） titers were detected by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization method. The results showed that most dogs with a history of vaccination were positivel to rabies virus antibody test（68.1%）,compared with 16.4 % in the unvaccinated group. Immunization coverage ratios differed significantly （P〈0.05） between urban （81.7%） and suburban areas （27.6%） and between guard （39.3%） and pet dogs （69.5 %）. In the past years,rabies fatality and incidence were controlled well in Beijing, under 0.02/100 000. However, in the year 2006,2007,2008, and 2009, immunization coverage in the district was 55.0 %, 53.8 %, 67.4 % and 54. 40/oo, respectively, the cower than above 70% criterion recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO）. Consequently, the number of positively immunized dogs in urban areas was 2.5 fold higher than that in suburban areas （P〈0.05） implying that enlarge the immunization coverage range in suburban area is substantial for rabies control. Besides,the number of negatively immunized guard dogs was 1.68 fold lower than that for pet dogs （P 〈0.05）, this may be associated with most pet dogs are raised in urban area and are immunized in time, whereas guard dogs with lower antibody levels may be due to leak from immunization programs. The results imply that immunization coverage in suburban area dog,especially guard dog, needs enlargement to keep low risk for a rabies epidemic in Beijing.

关 键 词：犬 狂犬病 抗体效价 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]